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Orthodontic Therapy > Functional Appliances > Flashcards

Functional Appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a functional appliance?

A

To treat:
• Muscle functional Imbalance
•Skeletal Discrepancies

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2
Q

What is the Functional Matrix Theory?

A

70% Dento -Alveolar
30 % Bone/skeletal

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3
Q

What are the three points of the Functional Matrix Theory?

A
  1. Muscles linked to the jaw
  2. More tooth movement
  3. Forward posture of mandible= stretched facial soft tissues
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4
Q

What cases are Functional appliances used on?

A

• Class IIi
• Class IIii
• Rarely III

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5
Q

What is the growing/ pubertal age for Girls to wear a functional appliance?

A

11-13

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6
Q

What is the growing/ pubertal age for Boys to wear a functional appliance?

A

12 -14

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7
Q

Indications for Functional Appliances:

A

•II mild/moderate
•Actively growing
•Increased overjet
•Buccal crossbites
• Potential competent lips
• Minimal crowding
•average/reduced LAFH

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8
Q

What Dento Alveolar changes does a functional achieve?

A

•Retrocline the maxillary incisors
• Procline the mandible incisors
• Distal movement of the upper dentition
• Mesial movement of the lower dentition

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9
Q

What skeletal changes does a functional achieve?

A

• passive molar eruption:
- Backward growth of the mandible
- Increased LAFH
•Glenoid Fossa is remodelled forward
• Condyle= down and forwards

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10
Q

Advantages of Functional Appliances?

A

• can be removed for OH
• Easy to adjust
• Easy Anchorage= Base plate (Heat cure)

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11
Q

Disadvantages of a Functional Appliance?

A

• Pt compliance
• Only tipping movements
• good Lab Technician needed
• Pt tolerance
• gingival trauma
• aching jaw/muscles

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12
Q

Treatment for II i

A

• worn for 6-8 months
• functional postures mandible forwards
• overjet= 0mm
• incisors,canines, molars = III
• fixed appliance

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13
Q

Treatment for IIii

A

• Procline upper incisors :
- URA + z spring/ anterior screw
- sectional upper 2-2
• Functional and z spring to keep incisors proclined
• Trt as IIi with functional
- reduce OJ ➡️ III

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14
Q

Treatment for III

A

• Rare
• Mandible retracted
• Reverse TB
•Frankel -elimainates soft tissues =
Arch expansion and corrects buccal crossbites

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15
Q

At the end of treatment whats relationship is achieved?

A

III
- over correction to allow for relapse

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of functional appliances?

A
  1. Tissuebourne
  2. Toothbourne
  3. Removable
  4. Fixed
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17
Q

Name the 6 functional appliances?

A
  1. Clarks Twin Block
  2. Herbst
  3. Medium Open Activator MOA
  4. Bionator
  5. Frankel
  6. COFF - Clip on fixed functional
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18
Q

How long should a Clarks TB be worn for?

A

22 hours FT

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19
Q

What type of appliance is a Clarks TB?

A

• Removable
• Toothbourne

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20
Q

What are the measurements of a Clarks TB?

A

• Blocks = 7-8 mm + 70 angle

21
Q

What planes are corrected with the Clarks TB?

A

• AP
• Transverse

22
Q

Components of a Clarks TB?

A

• Blocks
•Baseplate
•Cribs
• Ball ended clasps
• Can add expansion screws and springs

23
Q

What side effects does a Clarks TB have?

A

• Lateral Open bites
• posterior teeth stopped from over erupting due to capping from blocks

24
Q

Disadvantages of a Clarks TB?

A

• not used on increased LAFH AND MMPA as increases.

25
Q

What type of functional Appliance is a Herbst?

A

• Fixed
• Tooth Bourne

26
Q

What is the function of a Herbst applaince?

A

•Fixed
• Rigid arms that posture the mandible forwards
• Reduces the OJ

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Herbst appliance?

A

• Cost
• Breakages

28
Q

What type of functional is a Medium Opening Activator?

A

• Removable
• Toothbourne

29
Q

Components of a Medium Opening Activator?

A

• Baseplate
• lower incisor capping - postures lower mandible forwards
• Anterior breathing hole

30
Q

Advantage of MOA. Medium Opening Activator?

A

• No capping posterior so the molars can erupt - good for DEEP BITES

31
Q

Disadvantage of Medium Opening Activator?

A

• Pt cant eat or speak
• Difficult to tolerate

32
Q

What type of functional is a Bionator?

A

• Removable
• Tissue and Tooth bourne

33
Q

Components of a Bionator?

A

• Labial bow extends posteriorly - holds cheeks away from buccal segments - Allows arch expansion
• grooves in the lower part of the acrylic posture the mandible forwards
• posterior capping- stops molars erupting

34
Q

Disadvantages of a Bionator?

A

• Pt is unable to speak/ eat

35
Q

What type of Functional is a Frankel?

A

• Removable
• Tissue Bourne

36
Q

List the types of Frankel appliances?

A

• FR1
• FR2
• FR3

37
Q

What planes of space does a Frankel treat?

A

• AP
• Transverse

38
Q

What case would a FR1 trt?

A

IIi

39
Q

What case would a FR2 trt?

A

II ii

40
Q

What case would a FR3 trt?

A

III

41
Q

What dentition and lip case would a Frankel be used on?

A

• mixed dentition
• lip traps

42
Q

What are the components of a Frankel?

A

• one piece
• wire and acrylic that remove lips and soft tissues

43
Q

Disadvantages of a Frankel?

A

• Expensive
• one piece
• pt cant eat/drink/ speak

44
Q

What does COFF stand for?

A

Clip On Fixed Functional

45
Q

What type of functional is a COFF?

A

• Fixed
• Toothbourne

46
Q

Components of a COFF?

A

• Acrylic Blocks attached to molar bands similar to TB
• seps/ bands needed

47
Q

What is a COFF similar too?

A

• Clarks TB
• Blocks interlock at 70%

48
Q

Advantage of a COFF

A

• Fixed
• Fast
• No Baseplate

49
Q

Disadvantage of a COFF?

A

• Expensive
• No baseplate- no screws- no expansion- cant fix crossbites
• OH and cleaning

Orthodontic Therapy (29 decks)

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