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Fixed Appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Fixed Appliance?

A

An Orthodontic appliance which is fixed to the teeth and cannot be removed by the pt

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2
Q

What movements are created by a fixed appliance?

A
  1. Tipping
  2. Bodily
  3. Torque
  4. Extrusion
  5. Intrusion
  6. Rotation
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3
Q

Indications for Fixed Appliances

A

*mild/moderate skeletal discrepances
* Intrusion/extrusions
* corrections of rotations
* Overbite reduction
* Multiple tooth movements
* Space closure
* Psychological well being

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4
Q

Advantages for Fixed Appliances

A
  • AP, Transverse and verticle movements
    *Bodily Movement
    *complex maloclussions
    *space closure
  • Multiple tooth movements
    Upper and lower arches
  • intrusion/extrusion
    *overbite reduction
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5
Q

Disadvantages for Fixed Appliances

A
  • High Anchorage demands
    *OH
  • Increased Chairside
    *Ulcers
    *Breakages
  • Root Resorption
    *not very aesthetically pleasing
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6
Q

Describe Mode of Action

A

Forces applied to the teeth by a fixed appliance

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7
Q

Describe Force Couple

A

Magnitude of force applied to tooth x Distance between them

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8
Q

Components of a Fixed Appliance

A
  1. Bands
  2. Brackets
  3. Archwires
  4. Auxilaries
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9
Q

What are Bands made of and where are they usually placed?

A

Stainless Steel
Premolars and Molars
S
oldered to the applaince

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10
Q

What appliances are bands used for?

A
  • Fixed applainces
  • Headgear
    *TPA
    *RME
    *Quadhelix
    *Lingual arches
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11
Q

When are bands used?

A
  • Failure with bonding Eg. Crowns and large restorations
  • Restricted access
  • mositure control
  • when used with an applaince for anchorage
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12
Q

What are bands cemented with?

A

GIC (Bandlock PolyF Zinc Phosphate)
* Adhers to enamel
*fluoride releasing
*sets with contact to saliva
*indent always placed buccally

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13
Q

Advantages of Bands

A
  • Less chance of debonding
    *more stable
  • canbe used for an additional attachment EG.TPA
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14
Q

Disadvantage of Bands

A

*Seperation needed
*less aesthetic
*irritaion to gingivae
*Slower to bond than brackets
* More appointments
*Expensive
*Gaps after debond

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15
Q

What is the function of a Bracket?

A

Spreads and contrls forces that are applied from the archwires and auxiliaries

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16
Q

Where can brackets be bonded?

A

Enamel surface of the crown:
Labial - buccal fixed
palatal/lingual surface - ligual applainces

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17
Q

Names the three types of Brackets

A
  1. Edgewise
  2. Ribbonwise
    3.Self ligating
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18
Q

Name the two types of Edgewise Brackets

A
  1. Standard - no prescription
  2. Preadjusted - prescription in the bracket
  3. Tip edge - prescription in the bracket
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19
Q

Name the two sizes of Edgewise brackets

A
  1. 0.018in x 0.025
  2. 0.022 x 0.028
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20
Q

Edgewise Characteristics

A
  • Single archwire and 4 tiewings
    *reduced interbracket span
    *width increased- control of rotations and tooth width
    *elastomeric modules used
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21
Q

Advantages of Edgewise Brackets

A
  • available both standard and preadjusted
    *preadjusted - reduce the need of wire bending
    *good sliding mechanisms
    *good finishing
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22
Q

Disadvantage of Edgewise Brackets

A
  • ignore biological variation
  • produces friction + more anchorage needed
  • can create poor OH with elastomeric modules
    *modules = more chairside
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23
Q

What is a working wire for a 0.018 x 0.025 Edgewise bracket

A

16x22 SS

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24
Q

What is a workig wire for a 0.022 x0.028

A

19x25 SS

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25
Name the three most common Preadjusted Edgewise appliances
1. Andrews 2.Roth 3.MBT Mclaughlin, Bennet, Trevisi (highest Torque)
26
What Bracket type needs wire bends?
Standard Edgewise
27
Name the Three wire bends
1. First order bend 2. second order bend 3.Third order bend
28
First Order Bend
* IN/OUT movements * Corrects tooth widths *Bucco - lingual * labial - Palatal *AP movements
29
Second Order Bend
* TIP movements * corrects angulation * bends in the vertical plane to create mesiodistal angulation
30
Third Order Bend
*Torque Movements * Rectangle Wires *palatal and buccally root torque by archwire being twisted forwards
31
Narrow Brackets =
*larger bracket interspan * archwire= more flexible * Faster alignment
32
Wider Brackets =
*Less bracket Interspan * used for derotation and mesiodistal control of the teeth
33
What is a Begg Appliance?
Light wire and light force Appliance
34
List the components of a Begg Appliance
* Brackets *Pin *Archwire
35
What are the advantages of a Begg Appliance?
* overcomes high anchorage demands - light anchorage appliance
36
What wires does a Begg Appliance use?
Round wires only which loosely fit into the bracket = alot of slop
37
In a Begg Appliance what is used to hold the archwire in?
Pin
38
What auxiliaries are used to create tooth movements for Begg Appliances
* Inter maxillary Elastics - tips teeth * springs and loops - Upright the roots + rotational movements
39
Name the features of a Tip Edge Appliance
* Round wires and light forces * detailed finishing - each bracket has a built in prescription
40
Name the three stages of the Tip Edge Appliance
1. Align Teeth 2. Start Space closure 3. Incline teeth
41
Describe the bracket of an Self Ligating Appliance
Door/clip which ensures full engangment and holds the archwire
42
Name the two types of Self Ligating Appliances
1. Passive 2.Active
43
Describe an Active Self Ligating Appliance
Active forces on the wire
44
Describe an Passive Self Ligating Appliance
Slide mechanisms - passive and places no active force on the archwire
45
Advantages of Self Ligating Appliances
* Arch circumference increased= wider smiles *reduced chairside *Different torques available *Produce lower friction *improved OH due to no modules * longer time inbetween appts
46
Advantages of Buccal Appliances
* Good access * good finishing and detail * can now get aesthetic brackets * quicker than lingual
47
Disadvantages of Buccal Appliances
* visible *Decalcification * Aesthetic brackets can fracture
48
What are the brackets called which are used for Lingual Appliances
Preadjusted Ribbonwise brackets
49
How are Lingual Brackets different?
They are thicker vertically than horizontally
50
What are the components of a Lingual Appliance?
* Custom brackets/wires *indirect bonding - in a jig
51
Advantages of Lingual Appliances
*Aesthetically pleasing * less decalcification * good fro treating overbites as they can act as a bite plane * indirect bonding with a jig - correct position
52
Disadvantages of Lingual Appliances
* Speech *Ulcers * demanding on clinician * reduced interbracket span *finishing difficult *cost - if lost a new bracket needs to be ordered
53
List Bracket materials
1.Metal 2.Stainless Steel 3. Cobalt - chromium 4. Titanium 5. Ceramic 6. Plastic
54
List the two materials of Aesthetic brackets
1. Plastic 2.Ceramic
55
List the plastic material used for Aesthetic brackets
*Polyurethane *polycarbonate reinforced ceramic *Fiberglass fillers
56
List the Ceramic material used for Aesthetic brackets
Aluminium oxide either: 1.opaque - Polycrystalline 2.Clear - Monocrystaline
57
Advantages of Ceramic Brackets
* Visually pleasing *popular with patients * Better than plastic
58
Disadvantages of Ceramic Brackets
* Brittle/fracture * Cause wear on opposing teeth * enamel fracturing @debond * increase of friction ( now brackets have a metal slot to prevent) * expensive * poor tie wings
59
List the two ways Brackets are manufactured
1. Spot Welded 2. Injection Moulded
60
Describe a spot welded bracket
*Base and bracket separately stuck together * cheaper and can debond from each other
61
Describe a Injection moulded bracket
* base and bracket injection moulded together * Expensive
62
List the two ways a bracket is bonded
1. Direct bonding 2. Indirect bonding
63
What is Direct bonding?
When a bracket is placed individually
64
What is Indirect bonding?
when a bracket is placed in a positioning tray EG. lingual appliances
65
Name the two bonding methods
1. Mechanical bonding/interlock 2. Chemical Bond
66
What is Mechanical Bonding
* interlocking of molecules *Phospheric acid applied to the tooth surface * washed and dried * exposed cystalline structures within the enamel *allows bond to flow and is increased by mesh base on the bracket
67
What is Chemical Bond
* Composite and primer * allows polymerization ( 2 molecules join and share anatomical structures)

Orthodontic Therapy (29 decks)

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