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Musculo-Skeletal System > Functional anatomy of the shoulder > Flashcards

Functional anatomy of the shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the shoulder

A

Scapula
Humerus
Clavicle

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2
Q

What type of bone is the scapula

A

Irregular

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3
Q

Anatomical neck of humerus

A

Site of attachment of capsule

Site of epiphyseal plate in childhood

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4
Q

Surgical neck of humerus

A

Between the tubercles and the shaft and more frequently fractured then anatomical neck

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5
Q

Articulation of shoulder girdle

A

Sternoclavicular

Acromioclaviculr

Glenohumeral

Scapulothoriacuc

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6
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket

Synovial joint

Most mobile

Least stable

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7
Q

What deepens the glenoid cavity

A

Labrum

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8
Q

What is responsible for the mobility of the shoulder joint

A

Shallow glenoid fossa

Disproportion of articular surface

Lax capsule, especially inferiorly

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9
Q

What are the static stabilisers of the shoulder joint

A

Glenoid labrum

Joint capsule

Intracapsular ligaments

Extracapsular ligamements

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10
Q

Dynamic stabilisers of shoulder joint

A

Rotator cuff muscles

Muscles

  • deltoid
  • coracobrachialis
  • long head of biceps
  • long head of triceps
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11
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments

A

3 glenohumeral ligaments

  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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12
Q

What are the extracapsular ligaments

A
  • coracoacromial ligament
  • coracohumeral ligament
  • transverse humeral ligament
    • holds tendon of long head of biceps in place during shoulder movement
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13
Q

What is the coracoacromial arch comprised of

A

Coracoid process

Coracoacromial ligament

Acromion process

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14
Q

What does the coracoacromial arch prevent

A

Superior dislocation of the humerus

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff

SITS

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapular is

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16
Q

What muscles of the rotator cuff arise on the dorsal aspect of the scapula

A

Teres minor

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

All insert into greater tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

Which muscles arises from the ventral aspect of the scapula

A

Subscapularis inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus

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18
Q

Actions of rotator cuff muscles

A

Stabilise the shoulder joint, holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

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19
Q

Action of supraspinatus

A

Initiation and first 15 degrees of abduction

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve - C5,6

21
Q

Action of infraspinatus

A

Lateral external rotation of arm

22
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

C5,6

23
Q

Action of teres minor

A

Lateral rotation of the arm, weak adductor

24
Q

What nerve innervates the teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

C5,6

25
Q

Action of subscapularis

A

Medial and internal rotation of the arm

26
Q

What nerve innervates the subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

C5,6

27
Q

What other muscles stabilise the joint

A

Deltoid

Coracobrachialis

Long head of biceps

28
Q

What is the subacromial space

A

Space between acromion and head of humerus 1-1.5 cm

29
Q

Blood supply to shoulder joint

A

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Suprascapular artery

30
Q

What is responsible for 0-15 degrees of abduction at the glenohumeral joint

A

Supraspinatus

31
Q

What is responsible for 15-90 degrees of abduction at the glenohumeral joint

A

Deltoid

32
Q

What is responsible for rotation of scapula at scapulothororacic joint

A

Trapezium and serrated anterior

33
Q

Nerve supply to deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

34
Q

What do the anterior fibres of the deltoid do

A

Flex and internally rotate the arm at the shoulder

35
Q

Central fibres of deltoid

A

Abduct the arm from 15-90 degrees takes over from supraspinatus

36
Q

Posterior fibres of deltoid

A

Extend and laterally rotate the arm at the shoulder

37
Q

What do the upper fibres of the trapezius do

A

Rotate acromion of scapula upwards during abduction of shoulder

38
Q

Lower fibres of trapezius role

A

Rotate medial spine of scapula downwards

39
Q

Action of serratus anterior

A

Protraction of scapula

Rotation of scapula during abduction of shoulder form 90 - 150 degrees

40
Q

Nerve supply to serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

C5,6,7

41
Q

What muscles extend the shoulder

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid- axillary C5,6

Lattisimus dorsi- thoracodorsal nerve C6, 7,8

Teres major - lower subscapular nerve C5, 6

42
Q

What does lasttisimus dorsi do

A

Extends, adducts and medically rotates te shoulder

43
Q

What does teres major do

A

Adducts, extends and medially rotates the shoulder

44
Q

What muscles flex the shoulder

A

Clavicular head of pec major

Anterior fibres of deltoid

Coracobrachialis

Biceps brachii

45
Q

Actions of biceps bracii

A

Weak contribution to flexion of shoulder

Strong supination of foreman

Flexor of elbow

46
Q

Adduction of the shoulder

A

Pec major
Lattisimus dorsi
Teres major

47
Q

Medial rotation of the shoulder

A

Sternocostal head of pec major

Subscapularis

Teres major

Lattisimus Doris

48
Q

External rotation of shoulder

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Musculo-Skeletal System (16 decks)

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