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Fuel Flashcards

1
Q

What is the final reserve fuel?

A

8.1.7.5.7 Final Reserve Fuel

Fuel to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft above destination alternate aerodrome elevation in standard conditions, calculated with estimated weight on arrival at the alternate or the destination when no alternate is required.

+/- 1000kg for the A320

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2
Q
  1. If planning to tanker maximum fuel, what are the maximum landing weight considerations to base your tanker figure around? When can you not tanker fuel?
A

OM B 5.2.2.4 Fuel plan

The preference is to base takering fuel on the PLN BLK fuel for the next (or return) sector. If the full PLN BLK fuel requirements cannot be met for the next sector, the system may tanker up to structural limitations.

Where there is no next sector information, takering will be based upon structural limitation reduced by 1% (MTOW -1% or MLW -1%).

The commander is responsible for deciding how much fuel will be tankered. Takering is not advised when takeoff or landing is anticipated on contaminated or icy/slippery runways.

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3
Q

What is the APU fuel burn?

A

2kg/min (all variants)

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4
Q

What is the fuel burn during taxi?

A

10kg/min or 7kg/min OETD (all variants)

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5
Q

What is the fuel burn in the hold at 1500ft?

A

40kg/min (all variants)

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6
Q

What is the fuel burn on approach?

A

17kg/min (all variants)

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7
Q

What is the fuel burn when using ENG Anti-ice in climb, cruise and holding?

A

Climb: 1.1kg/min
Cruise: 1.0kg/min
Holding: 2.0kg/min

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8
Q

What is the fuel burn when using ENG anti-ice and WING anti-ice in climb, cruise and holding?

A

Climb and Cruise: 2.0kg/min
Holding: 3.0kg/min

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9
Q

What is the trip fuel adjustment for increased track milage? And decrease?

A

Increase: 5kg/NM
Decrease: 4kg/NM

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10
Q

What is contingency fuel? What is contingency fuel carried for?

A

OMA 8.1.7.5.5
Contingency fuel is to cover possible deviations between the planned and actual operating conditions or any other unforeseen adverse circumstances.

Contingency fuel may be used at any time after commencement of the flight i.e. after push-back or engine start.

  • If Statistical Contingency Fuel (SCF) data is available, the contingency fuel is the greater of:
    o 95% coverage (CONT95), or 99% (CONT99) for selected city pairs, and;
    o An amount to fly for 5 minutes at holding speed at 1500ft above the destination in ISA conditions.
  • If SCF not available, the greater of:
    o 5% of the planned trip fuel, and;
    o An amount to fly for 5 minutes at holding speed at 1500ft above the destination in ISA conditions.
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11
Q

When can we continue to fly to destination knowing we will get there below CNR?

A

OM A 8.3.7.1.3 In-flight Fuel Management

[CNR = Alternate Fuel + Final Reserve]

The commander shall ensure that the flight is conducted so that the expected useable fuel remaining on arrival at the destination aerodrome is not less than:
* Alternate Fuel + Final Reserve (CNR)
* Final Reserve, if no alternate required.

If, as the result of an in-flight fuel check, the fuel is less than above:
* The commander must take into account the traffic and the operational conditions prevailing at the destination aerodrome, in deciding whether to proceed to the destination or to divert so as to perform a safe landing with no less than Final Reserve Fuel.
* If no alternate aerodrome required, the commander must take appropriate action and proceed to an adequate aerodrome so as to perform a safe landing with no less than Final Reserve Fuel.

In all cases, the following fuel conservation measures should be considered in the event of a fuel shortfall:
* Decrease speed (down to Max Range Speed/Cost Index 0)
* Obtain a more direct route
* Fly closer to the optimum FL (taking wind into account)
* Select a closer alternate
* Land and refuel

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12
Q

What is Minimum Fuel?

A

OM A 8.3.7.2 Low Fuel State

The Commander shall advise ATC of a minimum fuel state by declaring MINIMUM FUEL when, having committed to land at a specific aerodrome, the pilot calculates that any change to the existing clearance to that aerodrome may result in landing with less than planned final reserve fuel.
The declaration of MINIMUM FUEL informs ATC that all planned aerodrome options have been reduced to a specific aerodrome of intended landing and any change to the existing clearance may result in landing with less than planned final reserve fuel. This is not an emergency situation but an indication that an emergency situation is possible should any additional delay occur.

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13
Q

When do we declare MAYDAY FUEL?

A

The Commander shall declare a situation of fuel emergency by broadcasting MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, FUEL, when the calculated usable fuel predicted to be available upon landing at the nearest aerodrome where a safe landing can be made is less than the planned final reserve fuel.

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14
Q

You have been overfuelled on the ground with the passengers on board the aircraft. What would you do, what are your options?

A

OM A 8.2.1.2 Defueling
De-fueling of the aircraft is not permitted with passengers on board.

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15
Q

Are we allowed to refuel with the engines running?

A

OMA 8.2.1.3 Refuelling with Engine(s) Running

Refuelling of the aircraft is not permitted with engine(s) running.

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16
Q

What is alternate fuel?

A

OM A 8.1.7.5.6
Fuel to reach the alternate aerodrome, taking into account:
* Fuel from a missed approach from the applicable MDA/DH at the destination aerodrome to the missed approach altitude taking into account the complete missed approach procedure.
* Fuel from the missed approach altitude to climb, cruise and descent to the alternate aerodrome from an en-route transition point using the expected arrival procedure.
* Fuel for the approach and landing at alternate aerodrome.
* When two destination alternates are required, alternate fuel should be sufficient to proceed to the alternate which requires the greater amount of alternate fuel.

17
Q

How does the FMGS calculate ALTN fuel?

A

FCOM DSC-22_20-30-10-15 PREDICTED DATA FOR ALTERNATE
Data predictions are based on:

  • Aircraft weight being equal to landing weight at primary destination.
  • Flight at FL 100 if the alternate F-PLN length is less than 100 NM , at FL 220 if the alternate F-PLN length is comprised between 100 and 200 NM , or else at FL 310.
  • Cost index 0.
  • Constant wind (as entered in the alternate field of the DES WIND page).
  • Constant delta ISA (equal to delta ISA at primary destination).
  • The along flight path distance from the destination to the alternate airport. If the flight crew enters an ALTN fuel value, this value is the one taken into account.
18
Q

What is the planned minimum arrival fuel at destination?

A

CNR = Alternate Fuel + Final Reserve Fuel

19
Q

Fuel policy, when is ASR needed?

A

OM A 11.9
* Critically low fuel quantity or inability to transfer fuel or use total quantity of usable fuel
* Exceedance of fuel imbalance limits
* Fuel system malfunctions or defects, which had an effect on fuel supply and/or distribution
* When landing below CNR for reasons other than diversion, go around, ATC delay
* When incorrect loading of fuel

20
Q

What should you do if the ground crew reports a fuel leak from the engine drain mast?

A

OM B 2.3.8.1
If, during the engine start, the ground crew reports a fuel leak from the engine drain mast, run the engine at idle for 5 min. If the leak disappears during these 5 min, the aircraft can be dispatched without maintenance action. If the leak is still present after 5 min, shut down the engine and request the maintenance personnel to investigate the leakage source.

21
Q

What is the specific gravity of JET A1?

A

OM B 6.4
easyJet standard specific gravity for JET-A1 is 0.8 Kg/litre

22
Q

If planning to tanker maximum structural fuel, what are the maximum landing weight considerations to base your tanker figure on?

A

Shortcuts
Emergency landing
Immediate return
Overweight landing considerations
Climb performance, i.e. in Innsbruck, you would not like to come in overweight due to Go Around performance.

23
Q

You are in JMK, no GPU and no APU available. Need to refuel. Can you refuel with an engine running?

A

OMA 8.2.1.3 Refuelling with Engine(s) Running
and
FCOM PRO NOR SUP FUEL Refuelling with One Engine Running

This procedure is not permitted by easyJet.

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