From Slavery to Segregation

Question 1

When was the emancipation proclamation said, and what did it say?

Answer 1

1862

Abraham Lincoln declared the freedom of all American slaves in his Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 2

When was the 13th amendment passed and what did it say?

Answer 2

1865

It made slavery illegal

Question 3

When was the 14th amendment passed and what did it say?

Answer 3

1868,

Gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States of America

Question 4

When was the 15th amendment passed and what did it say?

Answer 4

1870,

gave all citizens voting rights regardless of their race.

Question 5

End of American Civil War and what it meant for black people

Answer 5

North victorious 1865

Slavery abolished across America by passing 13th amendment

Question 6

America as a federal system means

Answer 6

That laws differ between states. Hence the varying degrees of segregation.

Question 7

“Jim Crow Laws”

Answer 7

Introduced in south between 1890 and 1910. They enforced legal segregation.

Question 8

Segregated heart

Answer 8

Segregation as an attitude of mind, whites integrally thought that they were superior race. Even in toddlers.

Question 9

Voting rights in the south for AAs

Two ways in which they stopped AAs from voting

Answer 9

Black people couldn't vote since southern states found ways to disenfranchise them. For instance:
Grandfather clause (only vote if grandfather could vote)
Literacy tests (most AAs were illiterate, therefore couldn't pass the test, therefore couldn't vote) 

These weren’t explicitly racist, but prevented AAs from voting

Question 10

Good old-time negro

Answer 10

Stereotype given to blacks as happy to serve whites and entirely satisfied with their role in society. Whites often relied on blacks for domestic help, so they encouraged African Americans to behave in this way.
Black Americans who had higher aspirations would not get employed.

Question 11

Klu Klux Klan

Answer 11

Founded after civil war in reaction to Lincoln’s reconstruction policy
White supremacist group, targeted black people who showed any disrespect to white people. Terrorised such people by lynching them.

Question 12

KKK 1915-1929

Answer 12

Extremely powerful. Senior politicians in southern states were members of the clan, as well as policemen, judges and other officials.
As a result little justice for African americans in southern states.

Question 13

Describe events leading up to Plessy vs Ferguson 1896

Answer 13

Plessy claimed that segregation was unlawful because all citizens were guaranteed equal rights under 14th amendment.
Consequently he claimed state of Louisiana had acted illegally when they had arrested him for siting in a white only area of a train.

Question 14

Outcome of Plessy Vs Ferguson 1896

Answer 14

Case went to supreme court. Judges decided segregation was lawful as long as black citizens and white citizens had access to facilities that were equally good.

Question 15

Significance of Plessy Vs Ferguson 1896

Answer 15

Laid legal foundations for “separate but equal” attitude. It was no legal to treat people in such a way that was “separate but equal”. Jim Crow laws were now enforced across the whole of the south.

Question 16

African American Conditions in the North (4)

Answer 16

Little legally enforced segregation
Pay was better in north but black workers still paid only 50% of what white workers are paid
Easier for black people to vote in north
Southern AAs mainly worked in agriculture, northern ones were mainly in industry

Question 17

Great Migration

Answer 17

During the first world war (1914-1918)
Thousands of black Americans moved from southern states to northern states, predominantly industrial cities of Chicago and Detroit in order to work in the war industries. Many also moved north in the economic boom of 1920s.

Question 18

General black conditions in the north

Answer 18

They faced enormous hardships. They were no longer slaves but they were still second class citizens. 
Underpaid in south and forced into ghettos in the north.

Question 19

How many lynchings were there in America in 1900

Answer 19

115