Challenging racism outside the black community: native americans and hispanic americans

Question 1

Where did most Hispanic workers work?

Answer 1

in the Californian farming industry

Question 2

How much was the ‘agribusiness’ in California worth?

Answer 2

$4bil and generated 43% of the fruit and vegetables sold in America (1965)

Question 3

When were Chicano workers employed?

Answer 3

Employed seasonally - during the harvests

Question 4

Glossary term: Chicano

Answer 4

describing Mexican Americans
originally an insult
campaigners in the 1960s turned it into a positive

Question 5

Glossary term: Poverty (with figure)

Answer 5

anyone who eared less than $3,100 lived in poverty in 1960

Question 6

Chicano workers were employed seasonally. How many days a year do they work? What do they do to try and get around this?

Answer 6

134

migrating across California harvesting one crop after another like a plague of positive locusts

Question 7

Sum up the problems facing dirty Chicanos.

Answer 7

Lack of full-time employment
Low wages
Therefore they lived in extreme poverty

Question 8

What was the average annual income for Chicanos in California?

Answer 8

$1,378

Question 9

Where did they live?

Answer 9

In low quality rented accommodation or makeshift farm camps with very basic facilities

Question 10

What percentage of welfare cases did Chicano families account for

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

What did many white Californians assume about Chicanos?

Answer 11

That they earned little because they were lazy

Question 12

What was the reality of the working Chicano?

Answer 12

• weren’t lazy
• worked harvesting fields in day job
• hunting and fishing by night to feed families

Question 13

What was one of the reasons for Chicano poverty?

Answer 13

-no farming unions
= no legal protection
= difficult for labourers to organise and fight injustice

Question 14

Who was César Chávez?

Answer 14

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