Frog Dissection Flashcards
Mouth
Large opening at anterior end of head made up of a maxilla and mandible
Maxilla
The upper jaw bone
Mandible
The lower jaw bone
External nares (nostrils)
Two small openings on dorsal surface of head near tip
Eyes
Protrude from head posterior to external nares
Nictitating membrane
Extension of Lower eyelid that can come up to protect the eye
Tympanum
Eardrum round membranes posterior and ventral to eyes
Trunk
Posterior end of frog extending from head to hind limbs
Cloacal opening
Hole at posterior end of frog
Appendages
Limbs that extend from trunk including forelimbs and hind limbs
Forelimbs
Short extensions from anterior end of trunk
Arm
Uppermost section of forelimb extending from shoulder to elbow
Forearm
Middle section of forelimb extending outward from wrist
Hind limbs
Long extensions from posterior end of trunk
Thigh
Uppermost section of hindlimb extending from hips to knee
Shank
Middle section of hindlimb extending from knee to ankle
Foot
Lowermost section of hindlimb extending outward from ankle
Digits
Fingers and toes
Four finger digits and five toe digits
Skin
Outer covering of head trunk and appendages
Smooth and moist
Epidermis
Outer layer of skin containing pigment granules for coloration
Dermis
Layer under epidermis containing chromatophores (example: pigment cells)
Maxillary teeth
Row of teeth found on margin of maxilla
Vomerine teeth
Two small patches of teeth found on roof of mouth in center of anterior area
Internal nares
Nostril openings on roof of mouth in center of anterior area
Eye sockets
On roof of mouth where eyes bulge inward
Eustachian tubes
Openings for tunes are found ok each side of roof of mouth near hinge of jaws
Esophagus
At back of mouth
Leads down throat to stomach
Glottis
Opening for trachea
Anterior to opening of esophagus on floor of mouth
Tongue
Found on floor of mouth
Hinged at anterior end
Buccal cavity
Inside cavity of the mouth
Dissection of hindlimbs
Remove skin from one of hindlimbs
Remove thigh muscles from femur and calf muscles from the tibiofibula
Thigh muscles
Muscles of thigh
Calf muscles
Muscles of shank
Femur
Bone running through thigh
Tibiofibula
Bone running through shank
Achilles’ tendon
Tendon that connects calf muscles to foot (white in color)
Head
The anterior end of the frog extending to and including the eardrums
Dissection of coelom
Place frog on back
Using forceps, lift skin of lower abdomen and make a cut with the scissors
Insert scissors into slit and make cut from near cloacal opening to below the Lower jaw
Make shallow cuts to sides posterior to forelimbs and anterior to hindlimbs
Make similar cuts through body wall if previous cuts did not do so
Cut off flaps to reveal organs inside coelom
Remove organs on tray for identification
Teasing needle
Used to pull away or shred
Dissecting needle
Coverslips of dissection
Thrown away after dissection
Used to pin down a critter
Forceps
Tweeter looking item
Used to remove things from organism
Used to tease back membranes
Heart (Atria and ventricle)
In center at anterior end between forelimbs
Atria-red brown
Ventricle- white
Liver
On both sides of heart
Contains three lobes(sections)
Largest organ
Brownish or greenish
Gallbladder
Under liver and attached to it
Small round sac
Produces bile
Esophagus
Attached to back of throat and stomach
Cut as high up as you can
Do not separate from stomach
White
Stomach
Widest part of digestive tract
Very muscular white
(Cut open stomach)
Small intestine
Extends from stomach to large intestine
Smaller diameter than large intestine but longer
Large intestine
Extends from small intestine to cloaca
Cloaca
Very end of digestive tract
Cut as low down as you can
Mesentery
Connective tissue holding different area of small intestine together
Very thin but strong
Spleen
Round body similar in size to the heart
Found in Mesentery
Makes red blood cells
Dark reddish brown
Lungs
To right and left of heat underneath liver
Spongy sacs
Kidneys
Long flat structures along dorsal surface of coelom near posterior end of cavity
Fat bodies/ ovaries/ testes
Yellow or brown wormlike structure in mid abdominal area (ovaries are too small to see and testes will be small, oval and white)
