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Bio > Ch 4 > Flashcards

Ch 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tolerance

A

Ability to survive and reproduce under range of environmental conditions

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2
Q

When condition goes beyond optimum range…

A

Organism has to expend more energy to maintain homeostasis, leaving less energy for growth and reproduction

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3
Q

Habitat

A

General place where an organism lives

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4
Q

Niche

A

Describes how organism interacts with biotic and abiotic factors
What an organism does
Range of physical and biological conditions in which species lives and the way it obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce

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5
Q

Resource

A

Any necessity of life

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6
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Physical aspects

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7
Q

Biotic factors

A

Biological aspects

Example: when and how it reproduces, food it eats and how it obtains food

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8
Q

Competition occurs when

A

Organisms attempt to use same limited ecological resource in same place and time

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9
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition among members of same species

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10
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Between members of different species

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11
Q

Competitive exclusion principle

A

No 2 species can occupy exact same niche in exact same habitat and time

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12
Q

By causing species to divide resources competition helps determine…

A

Number and kinds of species and the niches they occupy

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13
Q

Keystone species

A

Species that other species rely on in an ecosystem such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change dramatically

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14
Q

Symbiosis

A

Any relationship where 2 species live closely together

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15
Q

3 types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism

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16
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit

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17
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism lives on or in another and harms it

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18
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits and other is neither helped nor harmed

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19
Q

Ecological succession

A

Series of more or less predictable hanged that occur in a community over time

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20
Q

Organisms occupy different places because

A

Each species has a range of conditions under which it can grow and reproduce

21
Q

Ecosystems change…

A

Over time esp after disturbances as some species die out and new species move in

22
Q

Over course of succession…

A

Number of different species present typically increases

23
Q

Primary succession

A

Succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community

24
Q

Secondary succession

A

Occurs when disturbance affects a community without completely destroying it

25
Q

Succession doesn’t always…

A

Follow same path

Climax communities not always uniform and stable

26
Q

Secondary selection in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances…

A

Often reproduces original climax community

27
Q

Human caused disturbances

A

Ecosystems may or may not recover from extensive human caused disturbances

28
Q

Biomes

A

Described in terms of abiotic and biotic factors

29
Q

Examples of abiotic factors

A

Climate and soil type

30
Q

Examples of biotic factors

A

Plant and animal life

31
Q

Terrestrial biomes

A 
Tropical rain forest 
Tropical dry forest
Tropical grassland/savannah/shrubland
Desert
Temperate grassland 
Temperate woodland and shrubland
Temperate forest 
Northwestern coniferous forest
Boreal forest/ taiga
Tundra
32
Q

Organisms within each biome can be characterized by

A

Adaptations that enable them to live and reproduce successfully

33
Q

Mountain ranges and polar ice caps

A

Not classified as biomes because they are not easily defined in terms of a typical community of plants and animals

34
Q

Aquatic organisms are affected primarily by

A

Waters depth, temperature, flow. And amount of dissolved nutrients

35
Q

Distance from shore can

A

Shape marine communities

36
Q

Water depth influences aquatic life because

A

Sunlight penetrated only a short distance through water

37
Q

Photic zone

A

Sunlight region near surface where photosynthesis can occur

38
Q

Aphotic zone

A

Below photic zone where photosynthesis cannot occur

39
Q

Benthos

A

Aquatic organisms that live in or on rocks and sediments on bottom of lakes, streams, and oceans
Habitat- benthic zone

40
Q

Currents can dramatically affect

A

Water temperature

41
Q

Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into

A

3 main categories:
Rivers and streams
Lakes and ponds
Freshwater wetlands

42
Q

Wetland

A

Ecosystem where water either covers soil or is present at or near surface for at least part of year

43
Q

Freshwater bodies

A 
Stream 
Lake
Bog
Marsh
Swamp
44
Q

Estuary

A

Special kind of wetland formed where river meets sea

45
Q

Estuaries serve as

A

Spawning and nursing grinds for many ecologically and commercially important fish and crabfish species

46
Q

Estuary bodies

A

Salt marsh

Mangrove swamp

47
Q

Ecologists typically dives oceans into

A

Zones based on depth and distance from shore

48
Q

Marine ecosystem zones

A

Intertidal zone
coastal ocean
Open ocean

Bio (10 decks)

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