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WSET 4 (D3 - Wines of the World) > France - The Loire Valley > Flashcards

France - The Loire Valley Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classic white grapes of the Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

Sauvignon Blanc

Melon de Bourgogne

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2
Q

What is the most important red varietal in the Loire?

A

Cabernet Franc (locally known as Breton)

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3
Q

What is the main style of wine produced in the Pays Nantais?

A

Muscadet

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4
Q

What is the grape used to make Muscadet?

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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5
Q

What are the Pays Nantais appellations designated for Melon de Bourgogne?

A

Muscadet AOP

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP

Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP

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6
Q

What percentage of Muscadet production is labelled as Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine AOP?

A

More than 80%

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7
Q

What are the three subregions where Hermine d’Or wines may come from?

A

Clisson

Le Pallet

Gorges

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8
Q

What is the Pays Nantais’ climate type?

A

Cool and wet maritime

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9
Q

What region is the Loire’s center for sparkling wine production?

A

Saumur

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10
Q

What is the primary grape of white wines from Anjou?

A

Chenin Blanc

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11
Q

What percentage of Anjou’s wine production is rosé?

A

45%

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12
Q

What is the primary grape of rosé wines from Anjou?

A

Grolleau

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13
Q

What is the primary grape of red wines from Anjou?

A

Cabernet Franc

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14
Q

What is the general appellation for Anjou?

A

Anjou AOP

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15
Q

What style of wine is Anjou Blanc AOP known for?

A

White wines that have aggressive acidity and bitterness

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16
Q

What grape(s) are allowed in the production of Savennières AOP?

A

Chenin Blanc

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17
Q

What is the main soil type of Savennières AOP?

A

Blue schist mixed with volcanic debris

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18
Q

In what year did Savennières’ unoffical grands crus acheive AOP status?

A

2011

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19
Q

What are Savenneières’ two unofficial grands crus?

A

Roche aux Moines AOP

Coulée de Serrant AOP

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20
Q

What style of wine is made in Coteaux du Layon AOP?

A

Sweet white wine from 100% Chenin Blanc

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21
Q

What style of wine is made in Coteaux de l’Aubance AOP?

A

Sweet white wine from 100% Chenin Blanc

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22
Q

What color(s) of wine may be produced in Anjou-Villages AOP?

A

Red

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23
Q

What grape(s) are allowed in the production of Anjou-Villages AOP wines?

A

Cabernet Franc

Cabernet Sauvignon

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24
Q

What color(s) of wine may be produced in Saumur AOP?

A

Red

Dry white

Sparkling white

Sparkling rosé

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25
Q

What white grape(s) are permitted in Saumur AOP wines?

A

Chenin Blanc

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26
Q

What red grape(s) are permitted in Saumur AOP wines?

A

Cabernet Franc

Cabernet Sauvignon

Pineau d’Aunis

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27
Q

What is the primary soil composition in Saumur?

A

Soft tuffeau limestone

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28
Q

Which appellations set the standard for Cabernet Franc wines from the Loire?

A

Chinon AOP

Bourgueil AOP

St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP

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29
Q

What are the three primary soil types of Chinon?

A

Tuffeau

Clay

Varennes

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30
Q

What is varennes?

A

Sandy alluvial soils found in Chinon close the the Vienne river

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31
Q

What is the soil composition of Burgueil AOP?

A

Sand and limestome

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32
Q

What is the soil composition of St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP?

A

Light alluvial soils

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33
Q

What color(s) of wine are permitted in Bourgueil AOP?

A

Red

Rosé

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34
Q

What color(s) of wine are permitted in St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP?

A

Red

Rosé

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35
Q

What color(s) of wine are permitted in Chinon AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

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36
Q

What is Touraine’s most important white wine distrcit?

A

Vouvray

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37
Q

What is the soil composition of Vouvray AOP?

A

Tuffeau limestone

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38
Q

What are the grape requirements for Vouvray AOP wines?

A

At least 95% Chenin Blanc

Maximum 5% Orbois

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39
Q

What is the primary difference between Vouvray AOP and Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP?

A

Orbois is not allowed in the production of wines from Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP

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40
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Touraine AOP?

A

Minimum 80% Sauvignon Blanc

Maximum 20% Sauvignon Gris

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41
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Touraine AOP?

A

Red/White/Rosé

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42
Q

When was Touraine Noble-Joué AOP established?

A

2001

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43
Q

What are the two most famous appellations of the Loire’s Central Vineyards?

A

Sancerre AOP

Pouilly-Fumé AOP

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44
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Sancerre AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

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45
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Pouilly-Fumé AOP?

A

White

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46
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Sancerre AOP?

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

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47
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Sancerre AOP?

A

100% Pinot Noir

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48
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Sancerre AOP?

A

100% Pinot Noir

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49
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Pouilly-Fumé AOP?

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

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50
Q

What are the soil types found in Sancerre?

A

Silex

Terres Blanches

Caillottes

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51
Q

What are terres blanches in the Loire?

A

Essentially the same as Kimmeridgian Marl

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52
Q

What is caillottes?

A

A stony soil that is littered with fossils

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53
Q

What is silex?

A

Soil with a high flint content

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54
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Pouilly-sur-Loire AOP?

A

White

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55
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Pouilly-sur-Loire AOP?

A

100% Chasselas

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56
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Menetou-Salon AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

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57
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Menetou-Salon AOP?

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

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58
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Menetou-Salon AOP?

A

100% Pinot Noir

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59
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Menetou-Salon AOP?

A

100% Pinot Noir

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60
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Reuilly AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

61
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Reuilly AOP?

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

62
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Reuilly AOP?

A

Blend of Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris

63
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Reuilly AOP?

A

100% Pinot Noir

64
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Quincy AOP?

65
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Quincy AOP?

A

Minimum 90% Sauvignon Blanc

Maximum 10% Sauvignon Gris

66
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Coteaux du Giennois AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

67
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Coteaux du Giennois AOP?

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

68
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Coteaux du Giennois AOP?

A

Blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)

69
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Coteaux du Giennois AOP?

A

Blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)

70
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Orléans AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

71
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Orléans AOP?

A

Minimum 60% Chardonnay

Maximum 40% Pinot Gris

72
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Orléans AOP?

A

Minimum 60% Meunier

Maximum 40% blend of Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris

73
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Orléans AOP?

A

70-90% Meunier

Remainder is Pinot Noir

74
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Orléans-Cléry AOP?

75
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Orléans-Cléry AOP?

A

100% Cabernet Franc

76
Q

What are the appellations found in the Central Vineyards of the Loire?

A

Sancerre AOP

Pouilly-Fumé AOP

Pouilly-sur-Loire AOP

Menetou-Salon AOP

Reuilly AOP

Quincy AOP

Coteaux du Giennois AOP

Orléans AOP

Orléans-Cléry AOP

77
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Côtes du Forez AOP?

78
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Côtes du Forez AOP?

A

100% Gamay

79
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Côtes du Forez AOP?

A

100% Gamay

80
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Côte Roannaise AOP?

81
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Côte Roannaise AOP?

A

100% Gamay

82
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Côte Roannaise AOP?

A

100% Gamay

83
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Châteaumeillant AOP?

A

Vin Gris

Red

84
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for vin gris from Châteaumeillant AOP?

A

Blend of Gamay and Pinot Noir (with minimum 40% Gamay)

Maximum 15% Pinot Gris

85
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Châteaumeillant AOP?

A

Minimum 40% Gamay

Maximum 60% Pinot Noir

86
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Côtes d’Auvergne AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

87
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Côtes d’Auvergne AOP?

A

100% Chardonnay

88
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Côtes d’Auvergne AOP?

A

Minimum 50% Gamay

Maximum 50% Pinot Noir

89
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Côtes d’Auvergne AOP?

A

Minimum 50% Gamay

Maximum 50% Pinot Noir

90
Q

What color(s) of wine are allowed in Saint-Pourcain AOP?

A

Red

White

Rosé

91
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for white wine from Saint-Pourcain AOP?

A

50-80% Chardonnay

20-40% Sacy

Maximum 10% Sauvignon Blanc

92
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for rosé wine from Saint-Pourcain AOP?

A

100% Gamay

93
Q

What are the encépagement requirements for red wine from Saint-Pourcain AOP?

A

40-75% Gamay

25-60% Pinot Noir

94
Q

What are the main regions of the Loire Valley?

A

Pays Nantais

Anjou-Saumur

Touraine

The Central Vineyards

Other

95
Q

What is the IGP designation in the Loire?

A

Vin de Pays d’Urfe

96
Q

What is the climate of Touraine?

A

Continental

97
Q

What is the climate of the Loire’s Central Vineyards?

A

Continental

98
Q

What is the climate of Anjou?

A

Continental

99
Q

Rosé de Loire geographic area

100
Q

Crémant de Loire geographic area

101
Q

Val de Loire

A

IGP covering all of Loire

102
Q

Val de Loire typical style

A

Fresh

Light body

Simple fruit flavors

103
Q

Mauges hills

A

Hills that protect Anjou from ocean influences

Causes Anjou to be warmer than expected

104
Q

Touraine soil

105
Q

Biggest disease issue Loire

A

Fungal

Due to high rainfall

106
Q

Sauvignon blanc main growing location Loire

A

Central Vineyards

Touraine

107
Q

Sancerre/Pouilly Fume soil

A

Very chalky

Well drained/Stony

108
Q

Sancerre/Pouilly Fume typical style

A

Dry

High acid

Green apple

Wet stone

Smoky in PF

109
Q

Chavignol

A

Village in Sancerre

Known for expressive SB

110
Q

Les Monts Damnés

A

Vineyard in Sancerre

Known from expressive SB

111
Q

MLF in Sancerre/Pouilly Fume

A

Producer dependent

More common in cold vintages to reduce acidity

112
Q

Menetou-Salon

A

Vineyard to SW of Sancerre

Similar style to Sancerre and PF

Less expensive

113
Q

Touraine (Appellation)

A

Covers all of Touraine

Sauvignon Blanc

114
Q

Touraine white typical style

A

Less concentration than Sancerre

Simple and fruity

115
Q

Chenin Blanc key locations Loire

A

Touraine

Anjou Saumur

116
Q

Chenin Blanc ripening issue

A

Berries within the same bunch can develop different ripeness levels

117
Q

Barely ripe Chenin Blanc use

A

Sparkling

10 to 11% ABV

118
Q

Vouvray

A

Loire

Still and sparkling Chenin Blanc

119
Q

Vouvray typical style

A

Light to medium body

Fresh fruit

Floral

Rarely new oak

120
Q

Vouvray climate

121
Q

Vouvray soil

122
Q

Saumur typical style

A

Sparkling Chenin Blanc

Traditional method

123
Q

Anjou typical style

A

Dry Chenin Blanc

Often new oak matured

124
Q

Savennieres

A

Loire

Chenin Blanc

125
Q

Savennieres typical style

A

Full body

Dry

Good air circulation prevents noble rot

High sugar grapes can lead to aging

126
Q

Coteaux du Layon location

A

Loire

In sheltered valley of River Layon

127
Q

Quarts de Chaume

A

One of the best sites in Coteaux du Layon

128
Q

Bonnezeaux

A

One of the best sites in Coteaux du Layon

129
Q

Coteaux du Layon typical style

A

One of the worlds best sweet wines

Chenin Blanc

130
Q

Melon Blanc

A

Grape

AKA Melon de Bourgogne

Early ripen

Frost resistant

131
Q

Primary melon blanc region

132
Q

Muscadet typical style

A

Dry

Med alcohol

Concrete or stainless

High acid

Light body

Green fruit

Drink young

133
Q

Muscadet Sevre et Maine

A

Best appellation in Nantais

134
Q

Muscadet Sevre et Maine Sur Lie

A

Winter on lees

Richer than normal

135
Q

Why is Cabernet Franc suited to Loire?

A

Flowers and ripens early

136
Q

Chinon location

A

Touraine

Loire

137
Q

Chinon grape

A

Cabernet Franc

138
Q

Bourgueil location

A

Touraine

Loire

139
Q

Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil location

A

Touraine

Loire

140
Q

Bourgueil grape

A

Cabernet Franc

141
Q

Saint Nicolas de Bourgueil grape

A

Cabernet Franc

142
Q

Saumur Champigny location

143
Q

Saumur Champigny typical style

A

Lighter body and tannin than Touraine

Juciy berries

Sometime floral

Drink young

Serve chilled

144
Q

Gamay in the Loire

A

2nd most planted variety

Mostly Touraine and Anjou

145
Q

Rose de Loire location

A

Primarily Anjou Saumur

146
Q

Rose de Loire assemblage

A

≥30% Cabernet Franc and/or Cabernet Sauvignon

147
Q

Cabernet d’Anjou

A

Rose

Anjour Saumur

Medium sweet

148
Q

Rose d’Anjou

A

Off dry

Primarily Grolleau

WSET 4 (D3 - Wines of the World) (107 decks)

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