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WSET 4 (D3 - Wines of the World) > France - Burgundy - General > Flashcards

France - Burgundy - General Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the English translation of Côte d’Or?

A

Golden slope

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2
Q

What are the two subregions of the Côte d’Or (from north to south)?

A

Côtes de Nuits

Côtes de Beaune

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3
Q

What is the average width of any given section of the Côtes d’Or?

A

Approximately 1 km

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4
Q

What is the latitude range in which Burgundy is located?

A

46-48

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5
Q

What is the general climate type of Burgundy?

A

Continental to semi-continental

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6
Q

What was Burgundy’s average annual rainfall from 1980-2009?

A

750mm

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7
Q

What is the average number of sunlight hours in Burgundy’s growing season?

A

1.400 hours

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8
Q

What is the average July/August temperature in Burgundy?

A

20℃

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9
Q

How many degrees warmer are the southern Mâconnais and Beaujolais compared to the Côte d’Or on average?

A

1-2℃

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10
Q

What are the grape varietals allowed in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

Gamay

Aligoté

Sauvingon Blanc

Pinot Blanc

Pinot Gris (Pinot Beurot)

César

Tressot

Sacy

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11
Q

What are the three rare grape varietals found in the Yonne départment?

A

César

Tressot

Sacy

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12
Q

What is the primary red and white grape varietal in Burgundy?

A

Red: Pinot Noir

White: Chardonnay

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13
Q

What is Pinot Gris referred to in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Beurot

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14
Q

What is the AOP in Burgundy where Sauvignon Blanc is planted?

A

Saint-Bris AOP (in the Yonne Départment)

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15
Q

In which commune is Aligoté primarily found in Burgundy?

A

Bouzeron (in Côte Chalonnaise)

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16
Q

In which region of Burgundy is Gamay primarily grown?

A

Beaujolais

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17
Q

Approximately how many appelations are found in Burgundy?

A

Nearly 100

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18
Q

What are the tiers of Burgundy’s appelation hierarchy from best to worst?

A

Grand Cru

Premier Cru

Village

Régionale

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19
Q

What percent of wines from Burgundy are classified as régionale?

A

Approximately 50%

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20
Q

What percent of wines from Burgundy are classified as Grand Cru?

A

Approximately 2%

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21
Q

Is premier cru a seperate classification of AOP?

A

No. It is a legally defined geographic designation for village AOP wines.

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22
Q

What is the baseline regional appellation for the entire Burgundy winegrowing region?

A

Bourgogne AOP

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23
Q

What colors of wine can be produced as Bourgogne AOP?

A

Red

White

Rose

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24
Q

What is the main difference between red wines labelled as Bourgogne AOP and Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?

A

Gamay is allowed to be used in Coteaux Bourgiugnons AOP but not Bourgogne AOP (as of 2011)

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25
Q

What are the names of the four lieux-dits of Bourgogne AOP?

A

La Chapelle Norte Dame

Le Chapitre

Côte St-Jacques

Montrecul

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26
Q

Where are grapes from Bourgogne Hautes Côtes de Nuits and Bourgogne Hautes Côtes de Beaune sourced from?

A

Scattered vineyards in the low mountains just west of the more prestigious Côte d’Or village appellations

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27
Q

Where are Côtes de Beaune-Villages AOP and Côtes de Nuits-Villages AOP located?

A

Côte d’Or

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28
Q

What color(s) of wine can be made in Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP?

A

Red

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29
Q

Where may grapes in Côte de Beaune-Villages AOP wines be sourced from?

A

Any villages in Côte de Beaune except for Pommard/Volnay/Aloxe-Corton/and Beaune

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30
Q

What color(s) of wine can be made in Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP?

A

Red and white (white is rare to find)

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31
Q

Where may grapes in Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP wines be sourced from?

A

Fixin

Brochon

Prissey

Corgoloin

Comblanchien

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32
Q

What grape varetial is allowed in Bourgogne Aligoté AOP?

A

Aligoté

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33
Q

What is the general description of Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP?

A

Red and rose wines modelled on field blends of the past

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34
Q

What are the grape blend requirements for Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP wines?

A

Minimum 30% Pinot Noir

Minimum 15% Gamay

Maximum 15% blend consisting of Chardonnay/Pinot Blanc/and Pinot Gris

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35
Q

What are the two sparkling wine AOPs of Burgundy?

A

Crémant de Bourgogne AOP

Bourgogne Mousseux AOP

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36
Q

What is the general description of Bourgogne Mousseux AOP?

A

An older and rare appellation used only for sparkling reds produced via methode tradicional

37
Q

What is the general description of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP?

A

Hand-harvested methode tradicional white and rose sparkling wines

38
Q

What grape(s) are typically used in the production of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP wines?

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

39
Q

Approximately how many hectares in Burgundy are declared for sparkling wine production?

A

Approximately 2.000 hectares (1/14 of Burgundy’s total plantings)

40
Q

Which commune is the production of Crémant de Bourgogne AOP centered around?

A

Rully

41
Q

What is a vineyard under single ownership called?

A

Monopole

42
Q

Can a premier cru wine be made with grapes from different parcels within the same premier cru area?

A

Yes

43
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are in the Côte d’Or?

A

32

44
Q

What is the smallest Grand Cru AOP in the Côte d’Or? How big is it?

A

La Romaneé - 0,85 hectares. Also the smallest AOP in France

45
Q

What is the largest Grand Cru AOP in the Côte d’Or? How big is it?

A

Corton - 160 hectares

46
Q

How do crus differ in Beaujolais versus the rest of Burgundy?

A

Rather than referring to a village or vineyard a Beaujolais cru refers to a commune appellation

47
Q

How many crus Beaujolais exist?

A

10

48
Q

What is the significance of the D974?

A

This is the national highway to the West of which most village vineyards. All but one premier cru vineyard (and all Grand Cru appellations in the Côte d’Or) are found

49
Q

What did the D974 used to be called?

A

Route Nationale 74 - RN74

50
Q

What is a climat in Burgundy?

A

A parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces. Essentially a vineyard. Also refers the the climate signals (terroir) that affect wines grown in Burgundy

51
Q

How many registered climats are found in Burgundy?

A

Over 1.200

52
Q

What is a lieu-dit in Burgundy?

A

A named single vineyard that forms one contiguous parcel within a single commune

53
Q

What is a parcel in Burgundy?

A

A single and contiguous holding within a vineyard that is owned entirely by one grower

54
Q

What is a clos?

A

A vineyard that is or was enclosed by a stone wall

55
Q

What are the régionale AOPs of Burgundy?

A

Bourgogne AOP

Coteaux Bourguignons AOP

Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP

Bourgogne Aligoté AOP

Côtes de Beaune-Villages AOP

Côtes de Nuits-Villages AOP

Crémant de Bourgogne AOP

Bourgogne Mousseux AOP

56
Q

What are the IGP areas of Burgundy?

A

Yonne IGP

Coteaux de l’Auxois IGP

Sainte-Marie-La-Blanche IGP

Comtés Rhodaniens IGP

Saône-et-Loire IGP

57
Q

Approximately how many years ago did winemaking begin in Burgundy?

A

Over 2.000 years ago

58
Q

When and where did phylloxera first hit the Côte d’Or?

A

Meursault in 1878

59
Q

When were the Appellation d’Origine laws passed?

A

1919

60
Q

What is coupage and how did the Appellation d’Origine laws affect it?

A

Coupage is the practice of labelling a wine based solely on taste profile rather than where the wine was produced. The Appellation d’Origine laws mandated that wines be labelled based on their area of production thus ending coupage in Burgundy and soon after France

61
Q

When was the first Appellation d’Origine Contrôlee introduced?

A

1936 and 1937

62
Q

When was the first premier cru designated in Burgundy?

A

1942

63
Q

In which decade were Chablis’ first premieres crus designated?

A

1960s

64
Q

What does fermage mean in Burgundy?

A

Land lease

65
Q

What does métayage mean in Burgundy?

A

Sharecropping

66
Q

What are two main contributors to vineyard ownership fragmentation in Burgundy?

A
  1. Public auctions of church and aristocratic lands during the French Revolution
  2. Napoleonic Code’s law of equal inheritance
67
Q

What is a domaine in Burgundy?

A

Property of a winegrower who produces wines from the parcels they own

68
Q

What is a negociant in Burgundy?

A

Merchants that purchase fruit/musts/or wines from others and bottle the finished product under their own label

69
Q

What percent of Burgundy wines are sold by négociants?

A

Approximately 60%

70
Q

How many domaines (as of 2013) were there in Burgundy (excluding Beaujolais)?

A

3.949

71
Q

When did phylloxera first hit Beaujolais?

A

1874

72
Q

When did phylloxera first hit Meursault?

A

1878

73
Q

When did phylloxera first hit Chablis?

A

1887

74
Q

In which direction do most vineyard rows run in the Côte d’Or? What are three notable exceptions?

A

Most run east-west.

Exceptions:

  • Clos de Tart
  • Clos des Lambray
  • La Romanée
75
Q

What is Côte d’Or AOP’s minimum planting density?

A

9.000 plants per hectare

76
Q

What is Chablis AOP’s minimum planting density?

A

5.500 plants per hectare

77
Q

What is the typical plant spacing range in Chablis?

A

1.5-1.65 meters

78
Q

What is Beaujolais crus’ minimum planting density?

A

6.000 plants per hectare

79
Q

How prevalent is biodynamic viticulture in Burgundy? Who are some famous proponents?

A

It is gaining in popularity since first being used in 1979.

Proponents:

  • Domaine Leflaive
  • Domaine Leroy
  • Domaine de la Romanée-Conti
80
Q

How does the use of new oak change depending on wine quality in Burgundy?

A

New oak use generally increases as quality levels increase

81
Q

What appellation did Coteaux Bourguignons AOP replace and when?

A

Bourgogne Grande Ordinaire in 2011

82
Q

What is Bourgogne Gamay AOP and when was it created?

A

Sub-section of Bourgogne AOP

Only for Gamay-based wines from Beaujolais crus

83
Q

What is the difference between Bourgogne Gamay AOP and Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?

A

Bourgogne Gamay AOP is a varietal Gamay from a Beaujolais cru

Coteaux Bourguignons can be a Gamay/Pinot Noir blend (along with some others) and can come from anywhere in Burgundy

84
Q

What is the encépagement of Bourgogne Blanc AOP?

A

100% Chardonnay (Aligoté planted before November 2004 can be used until 2024)

85
Q

Pinot Noir and grey rot

A

Very susceptible

86
Q

Burgundy climate risks

A
  • Rain
  • Spring frost (Chablis)
  • Hail
87
Q

Burgundy Pinot Noir typical style

A
  • Red fruit in youth
  • Earth, game, and mushroom with age
  • High acid
  • Low to Medium tannin
88
Q

Premium Pinot Noir barrel aging time (Burgundy)

A

16 to 18 months

89
Q

Aligote typical style

A
  • Neutral
  • High acid

WSET 4 (D3 - Wines of the World) (107 decks)

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