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CMS - Study Guide > France - Champagne & Sparkling Wine > Flashcards

France - Champagne & Sparkling Wine Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of wines are allowed to be produced in Coteaux Champenois AOC? What grapes are allowed?

A

Coteaux Champenois is a wine Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the Champagne province of France. It covers the same area as sparkling Champagne production, but covers only still wines. The grapes are the same as those allowed for sparkling Champagne: Pinot noir and Pinot Meunier for red wines, and Chardonnay for whites.

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2
Q

Which producer was responsible for the first single vineyard Champagne? What is the name of the vineyard?

A

Philipponnat Clos des Goisses is considered to be the first vineyard-specific champagne ever made, dating back to 1935 when the vineyard was purchased by Pierre Philipponnat.

https://quillandpad.com/2019/03/30/philipponnat-clos-des-goisses-les-cintres-2008-champagne-magnificence-from-the-first-single-vineyard-champagne-ever-made/

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3
Q

Which producer was responsible for being the 2nd house to produce a single vineyard Champagne? What is the name of the vineyard?

A

Cattier’s Clos du Moulin in 1952

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4
Q

Which producer was responsible for being the 3rd house to produce a single vineyard Champagne? What is the name of the vineyard?

A

Krug twins, first Clos du Mesnil and subsequently Clos d’Ambonnay.

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5
Q

Who were the first 3 Champagne houses to produce a single vineyard Champagne? What are the names of the cuvées?

A

Philipponnat Clos des Goisses - 1935
Cattier’s Clos du Moulin - 1952
Krug Clos d’Ambonnay - 1995

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6
Q

What does tête de cuvée mean?

A

Tête de cuvée is a French term that can be loosely translated as top batch or top blend. This is the term the Champenois use to describe their very best (and most expensive) bottlings. Outside of Champagne these wines are also called Prestige Cuvées. Some examples of tête de cuvée from Champagne.

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7
Q

What does RM mean on a label?

A

RM: Récoltant manipulant. (Also known as Grower Champagne) A grower that also makes wine from its own grapes (a maximum of 5% of purchased grapes is permitted). Note that co-operative members who take their bottles to be disgorged at the co-op can now label themselves as RM instead of RC

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8
Q

What does NM mean on a label?

A

NM: Négociant manipulant. These companies (including the majority of the larger brands) buy grapes and make the wine

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9
Q

On a bottle of “Grower Champagne,” what letters can be found on the label indicating the type of Champagne producer?

A

RM: Récoltant manipulant. (Also known as Grower Champagne) A grower that also makes wine from its own grapes (a maximum of 5% of purchased grapes is permitted). Note that co-operative members who take their bottles to be disgorged at the co-op can now label themselves as RM instead of RC

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10
Q

What letters can be found on the label of most Champagne bottles indicating the type of Champagne producer?

A

NM: Négociant manipulant. These companies (including the majority of the larger brands) buy grapes and make the wine

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11
Q

What producers have NM (Négociant manipulant) on their label?

A 
GH Mumm
Moët & Chandon
Veuve Clicquot
Veuve Bereche & Fils*
Laherte Freres*

*Now registered as NM so they can buy more grapes to increase diversity in their wines

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12
Q

What producers have RM (Récoltant manipulant) on their label?

A

Agrapart & Fils
Jacques Selosse
Cedric Bouchard
Bereche & Fils* and Laherte Freres* - Now registered as NM so they can buy more grapes to increase diversity in their wines

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13
Q

What does CM mean on a label?

A

What does CM mean on a label?
CM: Coopérative de manipulation. Cooperatives that sells wines from its members’ grapes. They make wines from the growers who are members, with all the grapes pooled together

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14
Q

What producers have CM (Coopérative de manipulation) on their label?

A

Nicolas Feuillatte - Oldest and largest example of a co-op
Mailly Grand Cru
Devaux

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15
Q

Who makes the tête de cuvée Sir Winston Churchill?

A

Pol Roger

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16
Q

What is Méthode Champenoise?

A

Méthode Champenoise, a complicated process involving secondary fermentation in the bottle and can ONLY be used when referring to wines made in Champagne.

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17
Q

Did the techniques of sparkling winemaking did not originate with the Benedictine monk Dom Pérignon?

A

No! The techniques of sparkling winemaking did not originate with the Benedictine monk Dom Pérignon

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18
Q

What does mousseux mean?

A

Mousseux—implying effervescence—appeared in connotation with the wines of Champagne

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19
Q

What is the name of the oldest still wine Champagne house still in operation today?

A

Gosset is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today founded in 1584 as a still wine producer

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20
Q

What is the name of the oldest sparkling wine Champagne house still in operation today?

A

Ruinart, established in 1729, can claim to be the oldest sparkling Champagne house.

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21
Q

What does veuve mean in French?

A

Widow

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22
Q

What is Remuage?

A

Remuage, or Riddling - Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, the Veuve (“widow”) Clicquot pioneered this procedure that allows lees/sediment to be easily removed from a bottle during dégorgement to create a clear wine.

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23
Q

What is Chaptalization?

A

Chaptalization is the process of adding sugar to unfermented grape must in order to increase the alcohol content after fermentation.

Discovered by French chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal

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24
Q

What is the name for the wire cage that’s used to secure the cork of the Champagne bottle?

A

A muselet (myz.le) is a wire cage that fits over the cork of a bottle of champagne to prevent the cork from emerging under the pressure of the carbonated contents. It derives its name from the French museler, to muzzle. The muselet often has a metal cap incorporated in the design which may show the drink maker’s emblem. They are normally covered by a metal foil envelope. Muselets are also known as wirehoods, cages or Champagne wires.

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25
Q

How many turns does it take to remove a muselet?

A

Six half-twists of the ring on the muselet are required to close/open the muselet

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26
Q

What are the 5 districts of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims → Pinot Noir is dominant
Vallée de la Marne → Meunier is dominant
Côte des Blancs → Chardonnay is dominant
Côte de Sézanne → Chardonnay is dominant
Côte des Bars (the Aube)→ Pinot Noir is dominant

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27
Q

Which district is the city of Reims located?

A

Montage de Reims

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28
Q

Which district is the town of Épernay located?

A

Cote de Blancs

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29
Q

Which district is the town of Aÿ located?

A

Vallee de la Marne / The Grand Valley

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30
Q

True or false. Cru status is awarded to individual vineyards or properties.

A

Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne, rather than individual vineyards or properties.

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31
Q

Which grapes account for most of Champagne’s plantings?

A

In 2018, Pinot Noir accounted for 38% of total plantings, Chardonnay accounted for 31%, and Meunier accounted for 31%.

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32
Q

What is autolysis?

A

Autolysis is the breakdown of dead yeast cells

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33
Q

Champagne is the only French AOP not required to put Origen Protege on their label. True of false.

A

True.

34
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for Champagne by law?

A

Minimum 15 months by law with a minimum of 12 months on lees

35
Q

What does sur lie aging do to the wine?

A

Sur lie aging imparts aromas of yeast, dough, fresh bread.

36
Q

How many months must Champagne age on the lees?

A

12 months

37
Q

What is dégorgement à la glace?

A

The modern method of dégorgement à la glace involves dipping the neck of bottle in a freezing brine solution. The bottle can then be turned upright. The force of internal pressure will expel the semi-frozen sediment (and a small portion of wine) as the crown cap is removed.

38
Q

What is dégorgement à la volée

A

An older method, dégorgement à la volée, does not freeze the sediment, and thus excess wine is invariably lost along with it.

39
Q

What is dégorgement?

A

Removal of sediment

40
Q

What is the process in which the winemaker makes the wines sweeter?

A

As the wines are fully fermented to total dryness, the bottles are then topped off with dosage, or liqueur d’expédition, a liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine. Rarely, bone-dry non-dosage styles are produced. The amount of sugar in the dosage is determined by the desired style of the wine. Brut is the most common sweetness level and the level at which most houses bottle vintage and prestige cuvées.

41
Q

What is another word for dosage?

A

Liqueur d’expédition

42
Q

What is the most common sweetness level in Champagne?

A

Brut is the most common sweetness level and the level at which most houses bottle vintage and prestige cuvées.

43
Q

Which sweetness level do most Champagne houses bottle vintage and prestige cuvées?

A

Brut is the most common sweetness level and the level at which most houses bottle vintage and prestige cuvées.

44
Q

Organize driest to sweetest: Sec, Extra Brut, Brut, Sec and Brut Nature, Doux, Demi-Sec, Extra Dry

A 
From driest to sweetest: 
Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux
45
Q

How many villages in Champagn have Grand Cru status?

A

17 Villages have Grand Cru Status

46
Q

What would a fully-sparkling wine from a “crémant” AOC have on the label? What would it say if it was lightly sparkling?

A

Fully sparkling wines from the aforementioned appellations will be labeled mousseux (or “crémant” in Savoie), whereas lightly sparkling wines are labeled pétillant.

47
Q

How many AOP regions in France exist for crémant wines produced by the traditional method?

A

8 AOP regions for crémant wines produced by the traditional method

48
Q

What are the grape varieties used to make Cava?

A

Xarel-lo
Parellada
Macabeo

49
Q

Which regions and sub-regions in Italy make sparkling wine using the Metodo Classico? What are the grape varieties used?

A

Franciacorta DOCG and Oltrepò Pavese

Chardonnay
Pinot Nero
Pinot Bianco

50
Q

Where is the Cava DO located?

A

Catalonia

51
Q

Where is Moscato d’Asti made?

A

In the Asti DOCG in Piedmont

52
Q

Which regions and subregions in Italy produce sparkling wine?

A

Franciacorta DOCG and Oltrepò Pavese
Asti DOCG in Piedmont
Prosecco in Veneto
Lambrusco in Emilia-Romana

53
Q

Which producer makes a Têtes de Cuvée with a blend from 3 different vintages?

A

Laurent-Perrier

54
Q

Which Champagne house created the Femme de Champange Têtes de Cuvée?

A

Duval-Leroy

55
Q

Which Champagne house created the Comtes de Champagne Blanc-des-blanc Têtes de Cuvée?

A

Taittinger makes Comtes de Champagne Blanc des Blanc

56
Q

Which Champagne house created the Sir Winston Churchill Têtes de Cuvée?

A

Pol Roger

57
Q

Which Champagne house created the first publicly available Têtes de Cuvées?

A

Moët & Chandon Dom Pérignon

58
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Moët & Chandon?

A

Moët & Chandon Dom Pérignon

59
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Pol Roger?

A

Pol Roger

60
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Taittinger?

A

Taittinger makes Comtes de Champagne Blanc des Blanc

61
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Duval-Leroy?

A

Femme de Champange

62
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Laurent-Perrier?

A

Laurent-Perrier Grand Siècle

63
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Laurent-Perrier?

A

Laurent-Perrier Grand Siècle

64
Q

Which Champagne house created Cristal?

A

Louis Roederer’s Cristal

65
Q

What is the name of the oldest working Champagne house?

A

Gosset

66
Q

What is the name of the oldest working sparkling Champagne house?

A

Ruinart

67
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Ruinart?

A

Dom Ruinart

68
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Veuve Cliquot?

A

The Grand Dame

69
Q

Which Champagne house created The Grand Dame?

A

Veuve Cliquot

70
Q

Which is the name of the Têtes de Cuvée by Taittinger?

A

Comtes de Champagne Blanc des Blanc

71
Q

Select the permitted method(s) of dégorgement for Champagne.
dégorgement à la glace
dégorgement à la pointage
dégorgement à la volée
dégorgement à la manuel

A

dégorgement à la glace
dégorgement à la volée

72
Q

What is the “vin de cuvée?”

A

The base wine after assemblage from the first 2,050 liters to be extracted from 4,000 kg of grapes.

73
Q

Which of the following is the most cost-effective method of producing sparkling wine?
- Traditional Method
- Continuous Method
- Carbonation
- Charmat Method

A

Carbonation

74
Q

What are the sparkling wines in South Africa called?

A

“Cap Classique.” Graham Beck is the most famous

75
Q

True or False. Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne, rather than individual vineyards

A

True

76
Q

The transfer method may only be used in Champagne on bottles sizes larger than magnum.
True or False.

A

False

77
Q

How many villages in the Champagne AOP are designated as Grand Cru?

A

17

78
Q

What is the name of the wire cage that fits over the cork of a bottle to prevent the cork from emerging under the pressure of the carbonated contents?

A

A muselet. It derives its name from the French museler, to muzzle.

79
Q

How many bottles does a gyropalette hold?

A

504

80
Q

A maximum of _________ percent of the year’s total harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne.

A

75%

CMS - Study Guide (31 decks)

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