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CAPS > France > Flashcards

France Flashcards

1
Q

Dominant cleavage

A

Religion (reds vs whites)

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2
Q

Weaker cleavage

A

Class

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3
Q

Normal cleavage

A

Region

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4
Q

Fourth republic

A

1946-1958, fragmentation, polarisation, instable government, colonial wars and close to civil wars

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5
Q

Charles de Gaulle

A
  • Resistance leader during WW2;
  • Secular;
  • Republican;
  • Socially conservative;
  • Against political parties;
  • In favour of strong presidency;
  • Head of transition government (1944-1946);
  • Last prime-minister of 4th republic;
  • First president of 5th republic;
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6
Q

Fifth republic

A

1958 - now, semi presidentialism, strong executive presidency, powerful and dominant state in economy and society, greater political stability than previously.

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7
Q

Majoritarianism in the fifth republic

A

notion of volonte general, majoritarian electoral system, referendums and constitutional judiciary

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8
Q

Semi presidential system

A
  • Directly elected president and parliament;
  • Prime-minister appointed by president, but can be dismissed
    by parliament;
  • Dual executive: president and prime-minister;
  • Prime-minister depends on president (outside cohabitation);
  • Possibility of divided government: cohabitation;
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9
Q

French president

A
  • Formal powers: military, reconsider laws, dissolve parliament, decrees, hold referendums;
  • Informal powers: remove prime-minister and cabinet members; can chair council of
    ministers - being a de facto head of government;
  • “Cohabitation”: prime-minister from different party - weakens presidency;
  • Directly elected (since 1962);
  • Term limited from 7 to 5 years (since 2000);
  • Maximum of two terms (since 2008);
  • A president should not run 2 times in a row;
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10
Q

presidential elections

A
  • Majoritarian run-off (tow rounds);
    |
    |—> Round 1: all candidates (absolute majority wins - if not, round 2);
    |—> Round 2: two candidates with most votes in round 1 (absolute majority wins);
  • Incites electoral alliances in second round (two bloc system);
  • Intra-party primaries (by the members of the party);
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11
Q

Parliament - national assembly

A
  • 577 MPs;
  • MPs are elected in single-member districts with two-round run-offs;
  • Terms of 5 years;
  • Stronger of the two houses;
  • Propose and vote legislation;
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12
Q

Parliament - Senat

A
  • 348 MPs;
  • MPs are elected indirectly by local officials and lower-house MPs;
  • Terms of 6 years;
  • Weaker of the two houses;
  • Delay legislation;
  • Approve constitutional amendments;
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13
Q

Parliamentary elections

A
  • Single-member districts;
  • Majoritarian run-off (two rounds);
    |
    |—> Round 1: all candidates (absolute majority wins - if not, round 2);
    |—> Round 2: all candidates with at least 12,5% (plurality or majority wins);
  • Winner take-it-all system and disproportionality;
  • 1958-1990S: two-bloc party system (2 large, 2 small parties);
  • After 2017: party system is changing;
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14
Q

Judiciary - constitutional council

A
  • Branches: criminal, civil, administrative;
  • Judging based on codification (Napoleon), rather than common law;
  • Constitutional council: 9 judges elected for 9 years by president and chairs of houses or
    former presidents;
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15
Q

Center right

A

Since 1958 & Gaullist
Strong centralized state, socially conservative, capitalist and free market, law and order, dominant role in foreign affairs.

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16
Q

Center left

A

dominated by intellectual elite, 1905. went from left to center left, pro welfare state, pro EU integration, now progressive and green

17
Q

Far left

A

1920 , anti free trade, workers rights, reform of 5th republic, euro skepticism and eco socialism

18
Q

Far right

A
  1. Nationalist/nativist, populist, anti islam, anti immigrant, anti EU
19
Q

Center

A

aligned with gaullists, young. Liberalism, free trade and social equality

20
Q

Voorkennis

A

Continental country with the largest area in the European Union. Quite
centralised state, even though it has regional entities.

21
Q

Protests

A

XVIII. May’68 Paris protests against the capitalist state and demanding social reforms (1968);
XIX. Withdrawal from NATO military structures (1966-2009);

22
Q

Political culture

A
  • Republicanism;
  • Secularism - “Laicité”;
  • Democracy;
  • Civic nationalism;
23
Q

Religious cleavage

A
  • Dominant cleavage in French politics;
  • Separation of state and church - “Laicité”;
  • In 1789-1958, there was a struggle between the “reds” (progressive, secular, republican and
    urban) and the “whites” (conservative, catholic, pro-monarchy, rural);
  • Strong separation between religion and state codified in 1905;
  • More recently: heated discussion about roles of islam;
24
Q

Class cleavage

A
  • Traditionally less important than religion;
  • Emerged later (1900s) as a salient cleavage;
  • Weakened by working class division on religious cleavage;
  • Its gaining more salience now;
25
Q

centre-periphery cleavage

A
  • Almost absent;
  • Present in Corsica, Brittany, Northern Basque Country, Occitania and oversee collectives like
    New Caledonia;
  • Centralist tradition;
  • Dominant French civic nationalism;
26
Q

Prime minister

A
  • Appointed by president;
  • Can be dismissed by parliament;
  • In a “cohabitation”, it is the head of government (appoints and directs cabinet and responds
    to parliament);
  • Outside cohabitation: “chief-aide” of president;
  • Sometimes spring-board to presidency;
  • Initiate legislation;
  • Controls parliamentary agenda;
  • “Block votes” of laws;
27
Q

Local government

A
  • Considered a centralised state;
  • Classic example of a unitary state;
  • Nation-building requires centralisation of power - assimilation of ethnic/regional identities;
  • Regional and local governments are mostly functional and weak (except for Corsica, oversea
    collectives and New Caledonia);
  • Full integration of oversea departments and regions;
  • State-led economy (dirigisme);
  • Blurred line between bureaucracy, economy, judiciary and politics;
28
Q

Party instability and far right rise

A

Post-2017 party-system change
- 1958-1990s: Two-block system (PCF + PS VS. Gaullists +UDF);
- 1990s: Near-collapse of the PCF;
- 1990s-2000s: Rise of Front National;
- 2017 election: rupture of traditional party system (decline of PS
and LR and rise of EM, RN and LFI);
|
This can lead to…
|
|—> Realignment - a new cleavage (nationalist/nativist/conservative/protectionist VS.
| Internationalist/multiculturalist/progressive/liberal);
|
|—> Dealignment - distrust towards politics;

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