Fracture Review Flashcards
Fracture and inflammation
Fibroblasts, PML, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells all present
Soft callus formation
Cartilage growing in between 2 layers of broken bone
Osteoblasts growing inward
Capillaryy ingrowth
Remodeling
At first, all lamellar bone, then becomes cortical bone
Spiral fractures
Complete fractures of long bo
nes that result from rotational force
Usually from high energy trauam and likely displacement
Oblqieu fractures
2 views important because can look similar to spiral
Tvs fracture
Complete and transceer perpinduclar to axis of bone
Involves cortex circumfertially and may be displacement
Communited fracture
More than bone components are created
Very hetereogenous group
Greenstick fracture
Long bones and seen in young children
often mid-diaphyseal affecting forearm and lower leg
Torus/buvckel fracture
Incomplete fracture of shaft of a long bone with pulgiing of the cortex
Trabecular compression from axial loading force
Distal radial metaphysis
Varus vs. valgus
Vlagus is knock kness
Varus is open
Intra-articular fractures
Often need surgical repair
Compound fractures
Rangefrom minor puncture to grossly open
Clinical diagnosis
Antibiotic time of 60 minutes
Supracondylar fracture types
1 - nondisplaced…fat pad sign indicative of cortex fracture…recommend posterior long arm aplint
2) incomplete displacement - loss of anterior humeral head line
3) Complete displacement…ortho consult and surgery
Knee dislocation
Popliteal artery
Need urgent reduction
CTA of lower extremity for vascular injur y
Clinical features of non-accidental trauma
Trauma in non-amb or dependetn children
Delay in seeking med attention
Multiple fractures or fractures in different stages
Classic metaphyseal lesions pathognomic
Metaphyseal corneer fracture (bucket handle fractures)
Rib pathognomic fractures
Posterior rib fractures
Pedaitric abuse pitfalls
ITP
Hemophilia
OI
Toddler’s feracture - spiral midshaft tibial fracture
Pathologic fractures
Due to tumors or metabolic states
Process of fractuee healing
Crotex fracture Inflamm Hematoma Blood vessel invasion Cartilgae grwoth Ossification Remodeling
Fall on outstretched hand
Scaphoid Distal radius Distal ulnar Humeral supracondylar Clavicle
Fall from standing
Proximal femur
Acetabular
Rib
FOOSH
Knee versus dashboard
Tibial plateau fracture Knee dislocation Patellar fracutre Distal femur fracture Posterior hip dislocation Acetabular fracture
Other pediatric abuse signs
Scap or sternal fractues Skull fractures Central brusing Extremitiy brusing prior to ambulation Retinal hemorrhage
