FP-C #7 Flashcards

1
Q

Qualitative tests

A

analysis that can identify whether or not a substance is present (uses colors)

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2
Q

Inotropic

A

process that influences the contractility of muscular tissue (can be positive or negative)

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3
Q

Chronotropic

A

process that influences the heart rate (can be positive or negative)

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4
Q

First-order elimination

A

characterized by a medication’s rate of elimination being dependent on its concentration in plasma

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5
Q

First-pass effect

A

the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream

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6
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

medication that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Tolerance

A

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a medication

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8
Q

Mechanism of action

A

explains how a drug works and produces its desirable and sometime undesirable effects

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9
Q

Interference

A

a direct biochemical interaction between two drugs

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10
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

an abnormal reaction to a medication that most persons DO NOT experience

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11
Q

Therapeutic index

A

the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug

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12
Q

Half-life

A

the time required to eliminate half of the amount of the medication from the plasma

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13
Q

Drug interaction

A

alteration in the pharmacologic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs

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14
Q

Depolarizing agents

A

medications that cause neuromuscular blockake by binding and briefly activating receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, preventing further activation of these sites and causing chemical paraylsis

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15
Q

Duration of action

A

the length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a pharmacological response

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16
Q

Drug antagonism

A

the interaction between two drugs where one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other

17
Q

Onset of action

A

the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing

18
Q

Non-depolarizing agents

A

medications designed to cause paralysis with stimulating the neuromuscular junction

19
Q

Bioavailibility

A

subcategory of absorption (the percentage of the admin drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation)

20
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

the study of the movement of drugs and their metabolites through the body from absorption to excretion

21
Q

Iatrogenic response

A

an adverse condition inadvertently induced in a patient by the treatment given.

22
Q

Inhibition

A

phenomenon characterized by the presence of one medication decreasing the effect of another

23
Q

Acetylcholine

A

the neurotransmitter substance that is released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions

24
Q

Cross-tolerance

A

tolerance for a medication one has not taken before as a result of using another medication in the same drug class

25
Q

Potentiation

A

drug interaction that occurs when the effect of one medication is increased by another medication

26
Q

Synergism

A

when combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone

27
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

the study of interactions between drugs and their receptors and the series of events that result in a pharmacologic response

28
Q

Dromotropic

A

process that influences the conduction velocity of nerve or muscle fibers (can be positive or negative)

29
Q

Cumulative effect

A

the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

30
Q

Quantitative test

A

analysis that can identify quantity or actual number counts (uses numbers)

31
Q

Vaughan-Williams classification scheme

A

used to organize arrhythmic medications

32
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing over a short time

33
Q

Nicotinic receptors

A

cholinergic receptors that bind with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

34
Q

Side effects

A

effects of medications other than the desired medical effects

35
Q

Summation effect

A

the process whereby multiple medications can produce a response that the individual medications alone do not produce

36
Q

Minimum effective dose

A

the lowest amount of a medication that is able to produce the desired effect (aka therapeutic dose)

37
Q

Steady state

A

when the rate of medication administration equals the rate of medication elimination

38
Q

Termination of action

A

the amount of time between the point the medication’s concentration falls below the minimum effective level through when it is eliminated from the body