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FP-C study > FP-C #4 > Flashcards

FP-C #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxia between 0 and 10,000 ft

A

Indifferent stage

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2
Q

Define: Hypemic hypoxia

A

The type of hypoxia characterized by an inability to carry oxygen on the red blood cell despite its abundance of oxygen

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3
Q

Mneumonic: Dalton’s law

A

“Dalton’s gang” - on the ground, the molecules are ganged up

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4
Q

Define: Dalton’s law

A

Total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual pressures

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5
Q

Define: Barometric pressure

A

Direct result of the weight of the air and related to air density

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6
Q

The three physiological zones of the atmosphere

A

Physiologic zone, physiologically deficient zone, space equivalent zone

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7
Q

How high above sea level the atmosphere extends

A

348 miles (the edge of space)

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8
Q

Define: Henry’s law

A

The amount of gas in solution varies directly with partial pressure of a gas over the solution

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9
Q

Define: Charles’ law

A

Volume and temperature are proportional at constant pressure - as air heats up, gas expands

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10
Q

Define: Time of useful consciousness (TUC)

A

Period between a person’s sudden deprivation of oxygen at a given altitude and the onset of physical or mental impairment to the point where deliberate function is lost

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11
Q

Temperature variance in the troposphere

A

62°F to -68.8°F

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12
Q

This is one of the earliest sign of hypoxia in a flight paramedic or flight nurse

A

Impaired judgment

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13
Q

Concept: Henry’s law

A

As the pressure over a gas decreases, or gas escapes from the solution (ex: opening a soda can)

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14
Q

Define: Fick’s law

A

States the rate of diffusion of a gas is proportional to the difference in partial pressure, proportional to the area of the membrane, inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane

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15
Q

EPT at TUC depend on these 7 factors

A

Individual tolerance, method of hypoxia, environment before hypoxia, amount of exertion undertaken, percent of oxygen prior to hypoxia, speed of cabin depressurization, higher altitude acclimatization

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16
Q

An alternative name for Dalton’s law

A

The law of partial pressures

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17
Q

Trapped gas in the chest will expand approximately this much at 18,000 feet

A

Twice it’s original size

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18
Q

Define: Stagnant hypoxia

A

The type of hypoxia that occurs when there is a failure to transport oxygenated blood

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19
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Inverse proportion of volume and pressure - as volume increases pressure decreases

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20
Q

The percent composition that nitrogen accounts for in the atmosphere

A

78%

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21
Q

This can happen to a pneumothorax at altitude

A

Pneumothorax can become tension pneumothorax

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22
Q

Effects: Indifferent stage of hypoxia

A

Night vision deterioration (5000 feet), ECG changes (5000 feet), tachycardia, slight increase in alveolar ventilation

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23
Q

Altitude will usually not become significant until this altitude

A

3000 feet

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24
Q

Most people (except those with significant respiratory disorders) tolerate altitudes of ____

A

5000 feet

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25
Q

The densest portion of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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26
Q

Define: Gay-Lussac’s law

A

States there is a correlation between pressure and temperature with volume is close

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27
Q

Properties: Physiologic zone

A

Sea level–> 10,000ft - barometric pressure of 760 mmHg–> 523 mmHg

28
Q

Define: Graham’s law

A

The rate at which a gas moves through a pore is inversely related to the square root of the mass of one mole of its molecules

29
Q

The four stages of hypoxia (related to altitude)

A

Indifferent stage, compensatory stage, disturbance stage, critical stage

30
Q

Indifferent stage, compensatory stage, disturbance stage, critical stage

A

Poor blood flow - as in CHF and in acute MIs

31
Q

Causes: Hypemic hypoxia

A

Blood loss, anemia, excessive smoking, carbon monoxide, sickle cell disease

32
Q

Below ___ feet, unhealthy people can experience significant side effects

A

below 10,000 feet

33
Q

Define: Histotoxic hypoxia

A

A type of hypoxia characterized by a cell’s inability to adequately use oxygen

34
Q

These devices are considered unreliable and IV pumps should be used instead while at altitude

A

Dial-a-flow

35
Q

The first two layers of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere and tropopause

36
Q

Application of Dalton’s law to critical care

A

Supplemental oxygen will be required typically at about 5000 feet in sick patients

37
Q

Trapped gas in the chest will expand approximately this much when going from sea level to 8000 feet

A

35%

38
Q

The altitude that the compensatory stage of hypoxia is experienced while on 100% oxygen

A

39 to 42,000 feet

39
Q

Reduction of hemoglobin by half reduces the body’s transport ability by ___

A

Half

40
Q

The percent composition that argon accounts for in the atmosphere

A

0.93%

41
Q

This is the flight level that FAR Part 135 specifies commercial pilots must begin using supplemental oxygen

A

Above 10,000 ft

42
Q

These three gases make up 99% of the atmosphere

A

Nitrogen, oxygen, argon

43
Q

Mnemonic for Charles’ Law

A

C for Charles, C for Celsius (of course, Celsius temperature)

44
Q

Oxygen saturation range: Compensatory stage of hypoxia

A

87 to 80%

45
Q

You should do this with nasogastric or orogastric tubes frequently while at altitude

A

Frequently vent

46
Q

Locations in the body where gases can be trapped and expand with altitude

A

Thorax, middle ear, sinuses, stomach, intestines

47
Q

The four types of hypoxia

A

Hypoxic hypoxia, histotoxic hypoxia, stagnant hypoxia, hypemic hypoxia

48
Q

The altitude range where endotracheal tube cuffs will double in size

A

5000 to 10,000 feet

49
Q

At altitude, increases in flow rate of fluids in ___ ___ occurs because of an inability for the bottle to expand or contract

A

Glass bottles

50
Q

Mnemonic: Boyle’s law

A

Boil very prudently

51
Q

Level where night vision impairment occurs without supplemental oxygen

A

5000 feet

52
Q

Causes: Histotoxic hypoxia

A

Poisoning (carbon monoxide, cyanide)

53
Q

This is the main medical hazard in flight aviation

A

Hypoxia

54
Q

Define: Effective performance time (EPT)

A

The limited timeframe during which a person can’t function without an adequate level of oxygen

55
Q

The depth of the troposphere

A

Sea level to 26,400 feet over the poles, sea level to 52,800 feet over the equator

56
Q

Causes: Hypoxic hypoxic

A

Lung disease, airway obstruction, low oxygen delivery, decreased altitude

57
Q

Properties: Space equivalent zone

A

Extends beyond 50,000 feet to 120 miles, 100% supplemental oxygen required, requires pressure suits and sealed cabins

58
Q

Patients with an open skull fracture are at risk for __

A

Pneumocephalus

59
Q

Application of Henry’s law in critical care

A

Ascending for a dive too fast resulting in decompression sickness

60
Q

Define: Hypoxic hypoxia

A

A type of hypoxia characterized by lack of oxygen entering the blood - formulation or reduction in PO2

61
Q

The stage of hypoxia experienced at 10 to 15,000 feet

A

Compensatory stage

62
Q

Oxygen saturation range: Indifferent stage

A

98-87%

63
Q

Finding: High venous oxygen concentration

A

Confirms histotoxic hypoxia

64
Q

Concept: Gay-Lussac’s law

A

As you go up in altitude, the pressure is lower

65
Q

Properties: Deficient Zone

A

1: Barometric pressure decreases to levels that will result in hypoxic hypoxia

FP-C study (9 decks)

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