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FP-C study > FP-C #3 > Flashcards

FP-C #3 Flashcards

1
Q

The three organizational models for air transport programs

A

Hospital-based, public service agencies, private service agencies

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2
Q

Define: IFR

A

Mode of flight used when minimal cloud clearance and visibility requirements are not met

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3
Q

Towards upwind

A

what direction will helicopters orient themselves when landing

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4
Q

Define: Sterile cockpit

A

Term used to describe silence invoked during takeoff and landing and other critical phases of flight

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5
Q

What are the three basic modes of EMS communication?

A

Written. Verbal. Electronic.

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6
Q

7 Common Relative Contraindications to Air Transport

A

severe anemia, hemoglobinopathy, MI complicated and after 5 days, uncontrolled arrythmia, 24+ week gestation, recent eye surgery

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7
Q

4 Major Factors in HEMS crashes

A

human error, weather, mechanical failure, controlled flight into terrain

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8
Q

NTSB

A

national transportation safety board- conducts studies for improving transportation safety.

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9
Q

Two primary entities that conduct flight following

A

EMS communications center and ATC

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10
Q

The two main aircraft types in transport medicine

A

Fixed- wing and rotor- wing

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11
Q

UHF (ultra-high-frequency) radio waves

A

These frequencies are advantageous because they have high penetrating power and can easily pass through buildings. Disadvantages are that they only travel a short distance and are limited to line of sight. These frequencies are more applicable in urban areas.

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12
Q

Hard Landing

A

when the aircraft contacts the ground with much more force than normally required for a landing

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13
Q

Spacial disorientation

A

occurs when a sensory illusions are experienced during flight that send false input to the brain

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14
Q

Part 135: Basic IFR Weather Minimums (NIGHT)

A

1000’ (or higher) within a horizontal distance of 5 miles

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15
Q

Repeater

A

A device that receives transmissions from a low-wattage radio and rebroadcasts the signal at a higher wattage and perhaps a different frequency. This increases the range of mobile transmissions, especially over rough terrain.

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16
Q

Trunked

A

A system that pools several frequencies and uses a computer to route incoming transmissions to the next available frequency. This frees the dispatcher or field unit from having to search for an available frequency.

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17
Q

CAMTS personnel standards

A

shifts 12 hrs, not on-duty for >16hrs in 24hrs, those working>16hrs in 24 can take unscheduled breaks PRN

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18
Q

12 o’clock position

A

this the helicopter position that you approach the aircraft

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19
Q

Mechanism of Injury

A

This is the parameter that HEMS is no longer basing flight criteria solely off of

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20
Q

What is the function of an encoder in a communications system?

A

A combination lock on a radio. By transmitting a series of tones, a transmitting station can unlock the receiver at a particular radio so it can receive traffic intended for it. Allows base stations to share a frequency without having to listen to traffic not intended for them.

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21
Q

Air medical transport (AMT) and treatment times

A

AMT showed to reduced door to catheterization time, door to operating room time, and door to thrombolytic therapy time, considerably

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22
Q

This is the leading predictor of overtriage in the medical literature.

A

high percentages of discharge from ER rates

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23
Q

Define: Overtriage

A

Occurs when considering a patient to be in graver condition than he or she really is.

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24
Q

Define: flight following

A

The tracking of an aircraft’s progress throughout its mission

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25
Q

List three alternative technologies that can be used to supplement radio communications.

A

Cellular telephone. Facsimile. Computer.

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26
Q

Responsibilities of EMS dispatcher

A

Call taking. Alerting and directing response. Monitoring and coordinating communications. Giving prearrival instructions. Maintaining incident records.

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27
Q

Human error types

A

skill deficiency- perception errors- decision making errors

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28
Q

Helicopter shopping

A

the practice of making sequential calls to numerous air medical providers in an attempt to find a service that will accept a call that other services have declined

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29
Q

Part 135: Basic VFR Weather Minimums

A

1200’ ceiling (or above) and 3 miles visibility

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30
Q

helicopters first action upon water ditching

A

flip upside down

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31
Q

water ditching

A

intentional landing into a body of water

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32
Q

Disadvantages of fixed wing transport

A

Cost between $10,000 for short flights to $100,000 for Intercontinental- must maintain landing fields runway length restrictions, hangers required

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33
Q

Part 91: Basic VFR Weather Minimums

A

1000’ ceiling or above

34
Q

VHF (very-high-frequency) radio waves

A

Low-band radio waves are able to curve and follow the shape of the earth or move around obstacles. This enables commnication over long distances. They are susceptible to interference. High-band radio waves travel in a straight line and do not bend to follow the curve of the earth or around obstacles. They are less susceptible to interference.

35
Q

Incline Rule

A

Always approach an aircraft from the downhill side

36
Q

Part 135: Basic IFR Weather Minimums (DAY)

A

500’ ceiling (or above)

37
Q

CAMTS pilot standards

A

min 2000 hrs flt time (1500 in helicopter), 1000hrs as PIC, 200hrs night flying, 500 turbine hrs (1000 preferred), 5 hrs geographic orientation with another pilot

38
Q

Rule of 3s

A

3 minutes without oxygen, 3 hours without shelter, 3 days without water, 3 weeks without food

39
Q

Disadvantages of rotor wing

A

More restricted weather regulation than fixed wing transport, smaller interior space, more expensive to own and operate, weight limitations

40
Q

Define: CAMTS

A

A program dedicated to ensuring high quality patient care and safety with ground, fixed- wing, and rotor- wing services.

41
Q

Attributes of rotor wing

A

Vertical takeoff and landing, speeds about 150 mph, able to operate at altitudes below 2000 feet, able to move from point to point

42
Q

Average cost per flight (helicopter).

A

$5-10K

43
Q

4g

A

the amount of force required to initiate the ELT

44
Q

Three basic governing concepts of air medical services

A

Bring critical care personnel to the patient, stabilize the patient, transport to a tertiary center

45
Q

Simplex

A

A communication system that uses radios that transmit and receive on the same frequency. This means that only one radio in the system can transmit at a time.

46
Q

What federal agency regulates the use of radio communication in the United States?

A

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

47
Q

Hot Loading

A

refers to loading a patient onto or out of the aircraft while the engine is running

48
Q

Air medical transport provides this percentage of US population access to level 1 trauma centers

A

65%

49
Q

Define: VFR

A

Mode of flight used when weather conditions are good (good visibility, minimal cloud cover)

50
Q

Flight following requirements: ground transportation

A

Every 45 minutes

51
Q

How are the basic modes of EMS communication used during a typical EMS call?

A

Between the the party requesting for help and the dispatcher. Between the dispatcher and the paramedic. Between the paramedic, patient, receiving facility, and/or medical direction physician.

52
Q

CFR Part 91

A

Code of Federal Regulations- regs for the domestic flights

53
Q

Safety Briefings

A

daily discussions including the daily plan, crew member duties, equipment and aircraft issues, weather expectations, and emergency situations

54
Q

Base station

A

The principal transmitter and receiver of a communications system.

55
Q

Human error

A

This is the leading cause of crashes in flight medicine

56
Q

Flight following requirements: fixed wing

A

Without filing flight plan, every 30 minutes

57
Q

Two major types of fixed wing aircrafts

A

Turboprop, jet engine

58
Q

An incident where a pilot does not have to maintain flight following with ATC in IFR conditions

A

When the pilot checks in with the EMS communication center every 15 minutes

59
Q

Attributes of fixed wing transport

A

Safer due to established landing zones, speeds between 250 to 600 mph, travel greater distances, care he multiple patients

60
Q

Multiplex

A

A system that has the capability of transmitting two signals, usually voice and ECG, on the same frequency. This allows a paramedic to transmit ECG telemetry to a hospital while continuing to talk with the on-line medical control physician.

61
Q

Three types of rotor wing mission profiles

A

Transport of sick and injured, search and rescue, police operations

62
Q

55%

A

percentage of crashes that occur during scene flights

63
Q

The two types of flight rules

A

Visual flight rules (VFR) and instrument flight rules (IFR)

64
Q

Somatogravic illusion

A

Rapid acceleration that produces illusion of nose-high altitude and prompts you to enter a dive

65
Q

CFR Part 135

A

Code of Federal Regulations- regs for the domestic commuter flights

66
Q

Advantages of twin engined helicopters

A

Two patient capacity, larger openings, larger patient care area, greater lift capacity, duel engines in case one fails

67
Q

Define: pilot isolation

A

This occurs with the pilot isolates himself from internal aircraft communication so that they can relay information to air-traffic control

68
Q

Weather Decline

A

the act of not accepting a flight based on poor initial or future weather conditions

69
Q

100 x 100 feet

A

common size of a HEMS landing zone

70
Q

40%

A

percentage of crashes that occur at night

71
Q

Crew resource management

A

the practice of using all available information, people, and equipment to achieve safe and efficient flight operations

72
Q

Duplex

A

A communication system that uses radios that transmit and recieve on different frequencies. The paired receive and transmit frequencies in a system that are referred to as a channel. Radios can transmit and receive simultaneously, allowing communications to take place as if they were going over a telephone line.

73
Q

Minimum effective distance that HEMS becomes quicker than ground transport.

A

34 miles (30 nautical miles)

74
Q

What are prearrival instructions?

A

Directions for appropriate initial emergency care read to a caller by a trained dispatcher while EMS personnel are responding.

75
Q

PSAP (public safety answering point)

A

The single location where 9-1-1 calls from a specific geographic area are routed for answering.

76
Q

Emergency locator transmitter

A

hardware on board to begin transmitting a radiobeacon once an aircraft crashes

77
Q

6 o’clock position

A

dangerous location of the aircraft because of the spinning tail rotor

78
Q

Flight following requirements: VFR helicopter

A

Radio contact every 15 minutes

79
Q

Advantages to single-engine helicopters

A

Start up time 3 to 5 minutes, less downtime for maintenance, lower costs, lower fuel requirements, smaller landing zones

80
Q

PIC

A

Pilot in charge

81
Q

Define: Undertriage

A

Occurs when considering a patient to be less serious than he or she really is.

FP-C study (9 decks)

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