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esthetician > Foundations ch 6 > Flashcards

Foundations ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A reducing agent ________.

subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound
adds oxygen to a chemical compound

A

subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound*
adds oxygen to a chemical compound

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2
Q

H is the symbol for which element?

hydrogen
carbon dioxide
sodium
oxygen

A

hydrogen*
carbon dioxide
sodium
oxygen

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3
Q

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

salt water
salt
concrete
powder

A

salt water
salt*
concrete
powder

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4
Q

On a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), which category would include risks of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?

physical and chemical properties
toxicological information
stability and reactivity
ecological information

A

physical and chemical properties
toxicological information*
stability and reactivity
ecological information

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5
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain ________ and evaporate very easily.

carbon
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen

A

carbon*
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen

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6
Q

An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _______.

cold cream
mayonnaise
calamine lotion
witch hazel

A

cold cream*
mayonnaise
calamine lotion
witch hazel

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7
Q

________ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.

Facial creams
Powders
Astringents
Soaps

A

Facial creams*
Powders
Astringents
Soaps

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8
Q

What does a pH below 7 indicate?

an acidic solution
a neutral solution
an alkaline solution
a logarithmic solution

A

an acidic solution*
a neutral solution
an alkaline solution
a logarithmic solution

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9
Q

__________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.

acids
bases
salts
oxides

A

acids
bases*
salts
oxides

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10
Q

The location you use for mixing chemicals must be _________.

accessible only to managers
well ventilated
kept at 98 degrees F
unlocked at all times

A

accessible only to managers
well ventilated*
kept at 98 degrees F
unlocked at all times

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11
Q

Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?

protons
electrons
molecules
atoms

A

protons
electrons
molecules
atoms*

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12
Q

The letters pH denote ________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen

A

potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen*

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13
Q

What is the average pH for hair and skin?

7.5
9
3.5
5

A

7.5
9
3.5
5*

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14
Q

What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?

redox
exothermic
endothermic
acid–alkali neutralization

A

redox
exothermic
endothermic
acid–alkali neutralization*

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15
Q

Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) ___________ reaction.

redox
exothermic
endothermic
rapid oxidation

A

redox*
exothermic
endothermic
rapid oxidation

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16
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feel ________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

greasier
colder
wetter
hotter

A

greasier*
colder
wetter
hotter

17
Q

A(n) ________ charged ion is called an anion

negatively
naturally
neutrally
positively

A

negatively*
naturally
neutrally
positively

18
Q

Among the following choices, acids would MOST likely be used to ________.

raise the pH of products
exfoliate the skin
swell the hair
soften calloused skin

A

raise the pH of products
exfoliate the skin*
swell the hair
soften calloused skin

19
Q

Alkalis tend to ________ the hair.

swell
exfoliate
relax
harden

A

swell*
exfoliate
relax
harden

20
Q

The are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?

116
50
98
76

A

116
50
98*
76

21
Q

An example of an elemental molecule is ________.

common table salt
hydrogen peroxide
water
atmospheric oxygen

A

common table salt
hydrogen peroxide
water
atmospheric oxygen*

22
Q

An unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, such as calamine lotion, is a:

solution
stable mixture
suspension
miscible liquid

A

solution
stable mixture
suspension*
miscible liquid

23
Q

Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?

surfactant
solution
emulsion
suspension

A

surfactant*
solution
emulsion
suspension

24
Q

The pH scale is _______.

mathematic
linear
arithmetic
logarithmic

A

mathematic
linear
arithmetic
logarithmic*

25
Q

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline _________ solutions.

hydrogen peroxide
liquid
water-based
unstable

A

hydrogen peroxide
liquid
water-based*
unstable

26
Q

_______ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

Combustion
Oxidation
Reduction
Ionization

A

Combustion
Oxidation*
Reduction
Ionization

27
Q

As the basic unit of matter, ________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

water
atoms
molecules
oxygen

A

water
atoms*
molecules
oxygen

28
Q

As part of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects, as well as _________.

product use
use restrictions
first aid instructions
containment and cleanup information

A

product use
use restrictions
first aid instructions*
containment and cleanup information

29
Q

An example of a physical change is ________.

ice melting to water
oxidation
burning wood
rusting iron

A

ice melting to water*
oxidation
burning wood
rusting iron

30
Q

Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?

elements
atoms
molecules
matter

A

elements
atoms
molecules
matter*

31
Q

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains ________ categories of information.

16
14
12
10

A

16*
14
12
10

32
Q

Solutions that do not contain water, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ________.

volume and space
their own distinct physical and chemical properties
mass
pH

A

volume and space
their own distinct physical and chemical properties
mass
pH*

33
Q

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?

chemical
electrical
mechanical
physical

A

chemical*
electrical
mechanical
physical

34
Q

________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

Oxidation
Application
Reaction
Reduction

A

Oxidation
Application
Reaction
Reduction*

35
Q

What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?

endothermic
redox
exothermic
acid–alkali neutralization

A

endothermic*
redox
exothermic
acid–alkali neutralization

36
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is ________, or oil loving.

immiscible
lipophilic
miscible
hydrophilic

A

immiscible
lipophilic*
miscible
hydrophilic

37
Q

When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is ________.

reduced
oxidized
united
blended

A

reduced
oxidized*
united
blended

38
Q

A _________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two of more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

solute
solvent
solution
suspension

A

solute
solvent
solution*
suspension

esthetician (13 decks)

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