Foundations ch 6 Flashcards
A reducing agent ________.
subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound
adds oxygen to a chemical compound
subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound*
adds oxygen to a chemical compound
H is the symbol for which element?
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
sodium
oxygen
hydrogen*
carbon dioxide
sodium
oxygen
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
salt water
salt
concrete
powder
salt water
salt*
concrete
powder
On a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), which category would include risks of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?
physical and chemical properties
toxicological information
stability and reactivity
ecological information
physical and chemical properties
toxicological information*
stability and reactivity
ecological information
Volatile organic compounds contain ________ and evaporate very easily.
carbon
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen
carbon*
oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen
An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _______.
cold cream
mayonnaise
calamine lotion
witch hazel
cold cream*
mayonnaise
calamine lotion
witch hazel
________ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.
Facial creams
Powders
Astringents
Soaps
Facial creams*
Powders
Astringents
Soaps
What does a pH below 7 indicate?
an acidic solution
a neutral solution
an alkaline solution
a logarithmic solution
an acidic solution*
a neutral solution
an alkaline solution
a logarithmic solution
__________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
acids
bases
salts
oxides
acids
bases*
salts
oxides
The location you use for mixing chemicals must be _________.
accessible only to managers
well ventilated
kept at 98 degrees F
unlocked at all times
accessible only to managers
well ventilated*
kept at 98 degrees F
unlocked at all times
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?
protons
electrons
molecules
atoms
protons
electrons
molecules
atoms*
The letters pH denote ________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen
potential hydroxide
partially hydrophilic
partial hydrogen
potential hydrogen*
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
7.5
9
3.5
5
7.5
9
3.5
5*
What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?
redox
exothermic
endothermic
acid–alkali neutralization
redox
exothermic
endothermic
acid–alkali neutralization*
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) ___________ reaction.
redox
exothermic
endothermic
rapid oxidation
redox*
exothermic
endothermic
rapid oxidation
Water-in-oil emulsions feel ________ than oil-in-water emulsions.
greasier
colder
wetter
hotter
greasier*
colder
wetter
hotter
A(n) ________ charged ion is called an anion
negatively
naturally
neutrally
positively
negatively*
naturally
neutrally
positively
Among the following choices, acids would MOST likely be used to ________.
raise the pH of products
exfoliate the skin
swell the hair
soften calloused skin
raise the pH of products
exfoliate the skin*
swell the hair
soften calloused skin
Alkalis tend to ________ the hair.
swell
exfoliate
relax
harden
swell*
exfoliate
relax
harden
The are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
116
50
98
76
116
50
98*
76
An example of an elemental molecule is ________.
common table salt
hydrogen peroxide
water
atmospheric oxygen
common table salt
hydrogen peroxide
water
atmospheric oxygen*
An unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, such as calamine lotion, is a:
solution
stable mixture
suspension
miscible liquid
solution
stable mixture
suspension*
miscible liquid
Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
surfactant
solution
emulsion
suspension
surfactant*
solution
emulsion
suspension
The pH scale is _______.
mathematic
linear
arithmetic
logarithmic
mathematic
linear
arithmetic
logarithmic*
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline _________ solutions.
hydrogen peroxide
liquid
water-based
unstable
hydrogen peroxide
liquid
water-based*
unstable
_______ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
Combustion
Oxidation
Reduction
Ionization
Combustion
Oxidation*
Reduction
Ionization
As the basic unit of matter, ________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
water
atoms
molecules
oxygen
water
atoms*
molecules
oxygen
As part of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects, as well as _________.
product use
use restrictions
first aid instructions
containment and cleanup information
product use
use restrictions
first aid instructions*
containment and cleanup information
An example of a physical change is ________.
ice melting to water
oxidation
burning wood
rusting iron
ice melting to water*
oxidation
burning wood
rusting iron
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?
elements
atoms
molecules
matter
elements
atoms
molecules
matter*
The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains ________ categories of information.
16
14
12
10
16*
14
12
10
Solutions that do not contain water, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ________.
volume and space
their own distinct physical and chemical properties
mass
pH
volume and space
their own distinct physical and chemical properties
mass
pH*
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
chemical
electrical
mechanical
physical
chemical*
electrical
mechanical
physical
________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
Oxidation
Application
Reaction
Reduction
Oxidation
Application
Reaction
Reduction*
What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
endothermic
redox
exothermic
acid–alkali neutralization
endothermic*
redox
exothermic
acid–alkali neutralization
The tail of a surfactant molecule is ________, or oil loving.
immiscible
lipophilic
miscible
hydrophilic
immiscible
lipophilic*
miscible
hydrophilic
When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is ________.
reduced
oxidized
united
blended
reduced
oxidized*
united
blended
A _________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two of more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
solute
solvent
solution
suspension
solute
solvent
solution*
suspension
