anatomy Flashcards
What is protoplasm?
substance of which the cells of all living things are composed
Protoplasm is a colorless, jellylike substance in which nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals salts, and water are present.
What bone forms the back of the skull?
occipital
The occipital bone forms the back of the skull above the nape.
What is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?
joint
A joint is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.
How much blood does the human body contain?
8 to 10 pints
There are 8 to 10 pints of blood in the human body.
Which muscle draws the scalp backward?
occipitalis
The occipitalis is the muscle that draws the scalp backward.
What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?
integumentary
The word integument means “natural covering.” So you can think of the skin as a protective overcoat for your body against the outside elements that you encounter every day.
What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?
nervous
The nervous system is an exceptionally well-organized system that is responsible for coordinating all the many activities that are performed by the body.
This movement is used to rotate the muscles.
supinate
Supination is when muscles rotate.
Which body system eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product?
respiratory
The respiratory system enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product.
How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?
two
Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.
This muscle pulls down the corners of the mouth.
triangularis
The triangularis is the muscle extending alongside the skin that pulls down the corners of the mouth.
What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?
blood
Blood is a nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system and is considered connective tissue because it connects body systems together, bringing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones and removing waste product.
What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?
skeletal tissue
The muscular system covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue.
You use this muscle to smile, but not grin.
levator anguli oris
Levator anguli oris is a muscle associated with smiling.
When you bend forward you are using which muscle movement?
flexion
Flexion is when muscles move to pull the body part toward the core of the body.
What is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?
histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of the structure and composition of tissue.
What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?
nerve tissue
Nerve tissue carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all bodily functions.
What is defecation?
eliminating waste from the body
Defecation is the elimination of solid waste from the body.
What binds the tissues of the body together?
connective tissue
Connective tissue supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body.
What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
perpetuating the human race
The reproductive system performs the function of producing children and passing on our genetics from one generation to another.
Why is it important as an esthetician to know about the muscles of the forearm?
to maintain good body mechanics during treatments
As an esthetician, you will be concerned with the muscles of the forearm so you can ensure you use good body mechanics when performing treatments.
Which muscles causes wrinkles in the forehead?
frontalis
If you want to pucker up, you need to use the _____ muscle.
orbicularis oris
What are the three muscles of the ear called?
auricularis muscles
The three muscles of the ear are called the auricularis muscles.
What do the kidneys do?
excrete water and waste products
The kidneys excrete urine; eliminating water and waste products.
What are the structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?
organs
Organs are a collection of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
breathing
The respiratory system enables breathing and consists of the lungs and air passages.
What is true of the pituitary gland?
It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system.
The pituitary gland is the most complex organ of the endocrine system.
What organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
pancreas
The pancreas secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Which muscle is thin and flat between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips?
buccinator
The buccinator is the thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as in when blowing a whistle.
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
providing the physical foundation of the body
providing the physical foundation of the body
Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?
so the nervous and muscular systems can function properly
The parathyroid gland regulates blood calcium and phosphorous levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.
What are platelets?
blood components that contribute to the blood clotting process
Platelets contribute to the blood clotting process, which stops bleeding.
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
purifying the body by elimination of waste matter
The excretory system is responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste matter. The kidneys excrete urine.
What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?
hormones
Endocrine glands release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream which in turn influences the welfare of the entire body.
What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?
to understand the effect services have on the body
Estheticians should study and have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology because: -Estheticians need to understand how the human body functions as an integrated whole.-As a service provider, you must be able to recognize skin changes from earlier visits, and you may need to change a treatment plan or refer the client to a medical provider for evaluation.-Estheticians must understand the effect that services will have on tissues, organs, and body systems.-Recommendations for treatment plans and protocols for a client are based on the decisions made during a skin analysis and consultation along with review of the client intake form.-Understanding the complexity of the human body and how body systems are interrelated will help you take the information into consideration when advising a treatment plan, recommending skin care products, or performing a service
What is the sternum?
flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs
The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs.
What organ circulates the blood?
heart
The heart is the body’s pump. It is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
Which movement separates the fingers?
abduction
Abduction separates the fingers.
How does massage help the muscles of the hand?
maintains pliability
Massage can help relax and maintain the pliability of the hand muscles.
This muscle is used to grin.
risorius
The risorius is the muscles that draws the corners of the mouth out and back when grinning.
What are valves?
structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only
Valves are structure that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only.
Which body system controls and coordinates all bodily functions?
nervous
The nervous system carries messages through the central nervous system, controlling and coordinating all bodily functions.
What body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?
endocrine
The endocrine system is a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and state of health in the entire body.
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
moving blood through the body
The circulatory system controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
What is the process of cell reproduction called?
mitosis
Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.
When you show someone your muscles on your arm, you are most likely showing them your _____.
bicep
The bicep muscles produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; they lift the forearm, flex the elbow, and turn the palms outward.
Which of these muscles are used in chewing?
masseter and temporalis
The masseter and temporalis are the muscles used in chewing.
What is not true about the brain?
It is the largest organ of the body.
The brain is the largest and most complex mass of nerve tissue in the body. The brain is contained in the cranium and controls sensation, muscles, and glandular activity. It sends and receives messages through 12 pairs of cranial nerves that reach various parts of the head, face, and neck.
What is the importance of lymph?
to disperse white blood cells and cell nutrients
Lymph is a liquid composed of changing components in the interstitial fluid as the fluid is circulating throughout the body, dispersing white blood cells and cell nutrients.
When you turn your head, you are using the _____.
sternocleidomastoid
The sternocleidomastoid is the muscle extending alongside of the neck from the ear to the collarbone. It acts to rotate the head from side to side and up and down.
Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?
brain
The spinal cord is a continuation of the brain stem and originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk, and is protected by the spinal column.
Which large, flat, triangular muscle covers the lower back?
latissimus dorsi
The latissimus dorsi is a large, flat, triangular muscle that covers the lower back.
What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?
digestive
The digestive system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste.
The kidneys and bladder are part of this system.
excretory
The kidneys and bladder are part of the excretory system.
What is true of the origin part of a muscle?
It is closest to the skeleton.
The origin is the more fixed part of the muscle closest to the skeleton, which flexes but remains stationary.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?
protecting the body from disease
The lymphatic and immune systems are closely connected in that they protect the body from disease.
Which body system regulates temperature and produces vitamin D?
integumentary
The integumentary system is the largest organ of the body and the first line of defense against infection and water loss. It regulates water temperature, perceives sensation, produces vitamin D, and has absorption capabilities.
Which body system protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins?
immune/lymphatic
The immune/lymphatic system protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins, foreign material, and bacteria.
Which part of the muscle flexes but remains stationary?
origin
The origin is the more fixed part of the muscle closest to the skeleton, which flexes but remains stationary.
What are glands?
specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood
Glands are specialized organs that produce chemicals, including hormones necessary for various body systems to function optimally.
This muscle closes the eyes.
orbicularis oculi
The orbicularis oculi is the ring muscle of the eye socket and it closes the eyes.
What is the fluid part of the blood that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?
plasma
Plasma is the fluid part of the blood.
Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve are types of what found in the body?
tissue
There are four types of tissue in the body.
Which type of muscle will estheticians work with?
skeletal
Estheticians work with skeletal, or voluntary, muscles.
