Fou 2 - Teratogenesis Flashcards
At what week do we see fetal movement?
Week 8.
At what week do we see 4 chambered heart and 4 limb buds?
Week 4
What appears in week 10?
Genitalia.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the tetracyclines?
Discolored teeth (children).
Which is the teratogenic effect of the ACE inhibitors?
Renal malformations.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Aminoglycosides?
Ototoxicity.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Fluoroquinolones?
Cartilage damage.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the cyclophosphamide?
Ear/facial anomalies, limb hypoplasia, Absence of digits.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the methotrexate?
Neural tube defects, abortion.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the carbamazepine?
Neural tube defects.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Valproic acid?
Neural tube defects.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Phenytoin?
Fetal hydantoin syndrome.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Lithium?
Cardinal malformation as well is Ebstein anomaly
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Statins?
CNS and limb abnormalities.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Warfarin?
Facial/limb/CNS anomalies, spontaneous abortion.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the isotretion?
Spontaneous abortions
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Diethylstilbeterol (DES)?
Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma.
Which is the teratogenic effect of the Thalidomide ?
Phocomelia. Hypoplasia of the arms and legs.
Which are the another kind of teratogenic substance?
Ionizing radiation. Excessive Vitamin A. Maternal diabetes. Iodine deficiency. Cocaine, tobacco. Alcohol.
What is the disease that is caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy ?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
The fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by…?
Thin upper lip. Small palpebral tissues. Disability.
Which are the functions of the Homeobox (HOX) genes ?
Blueprint for skeletal morphology and code for transcription regulators.
Which is the result from the HOXD-13 mutations?
Synpolydactyly (extra fused digit between 3rd and 4th fingers).
Which is the vitamin that can alters HOX gene expression?
Retinoic Acid (Vit. A). Also can results in cleft palate and cardiac abnormalities).
Which antibiotics are potentially teratogenic?
Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones
Which drugs have such high potential for teratogenicity that they are classified as pregnancy category X?
Methotrexate. Thalidomide. Warfarin. Isotretion. Diethylstilbeterol (DES).
At what developmental age do each of the following events typically take place? 1)4-Chamber heart begins to develop. 2)Genitalia begin to take on visible sex-specific characteristics. 3)Fetal movement begins. 4) Limb buds begin to form.
1) Week 4. 2) Week 10. 3) Week 8. 4) Week 4
RFF: Most common cause of neural tube defects.
Folate deficiency.
RFF: Most common cause of congenital malformation in the U.S.
Alcohol use in pregnancy.
RFF: Most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the U.S.
Fetal alcohol syndrome.
Which are the weeks more susceptible to teratogenesis?
3-8 weeks where Organogenesis happens.
