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Child Maltreatment > Foster Care and Adoption > Flashcards

Foster Care and Adoption Flashcards

1
Q

What factors influence whether a child will be placed in out-of-home care?

A
  • Prior victim are more than 2 times more likely than first-time victims
  • Children younger than 4, more likely
  • Victims of sexual abuse, less likely
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2
Q

What are some characteristics of Foster parent commitment?

A
  • Strong emotional investment in child
  • Evidence of “psychological adoption”
  • Consideration of the child as one’s own
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3
Q

What is the purpose of “This is my Baby” (TIMB) Interview

A

To test for aptitude of foster parent commitment

Example:
- “Do you ever wish you could raise [child]?”
- “How much would you miss [child] if they ever had to leave your care?”

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4
Q

What is an example of a High Commitment response from a caregiver?

A

“All the time. From the day that she came to my door…. I mean for, she’s been with us, when she came to us she was a month old. So she, she, um, she’s our little pride and joy…. I don’t think I would be able to let her leave my care at this point.”

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5
Q

What is an example of a Low Commitment response from a caregiver?

A

“Sometimes- But that’s not what we do. We take them, help them and – send them back to where they’re supposed to be or wherever it’s good for them to be.”

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6
Q

What is Best for the Child in terms of commitment?

A
  • Some may argue that it is better for a child NOT to develop a “strong” attachment with a foster parent, because they are likely to lose that person

Attachment theory would suggest the opposite:
- Children NEED to feel loved, cared for, valued
- Children are biologically programmed to expect this care

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7
Q

What are some Research About Commitment

A
  • Parents who foster fewer children, are more likely to express commitment
  • Parents who express higher commitment demonstrate more positive affect toward their children during play interactions
  • Children who have foster parents with higher commitment show higher self-esteem and better social/emotional functioning
  • Children who have foster parents with higher commitment show less behavior problems and more placement stability
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8
Q

What are some types of caregiving arrangements?

A
  • Foster parents
  • Cottage caregivers
  • Shift caregivers:
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9
Q

What are foster parents?

A

Primary caregiver for the child, in a family

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10
Q

What are cottage caregivers?

A

Live with children in a group-care setting

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11
Q

What are shift caregivers?

A

Rotating shifts with children in group-care setting

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12
Q

How are the caregiving arrangements compared?

A

Foster caregivers express significantly higher levels of commitment than cottage care and shift workers in group care settings.

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13
Q

What are some quote examples of Foster parents?

A
  • “I wanna be grandma…hopefully she’ll have a baby girl!”
  • “As long as I’m alive, he’s going to go to college.”
  • “…just like one of my own children… he’s mine, even though I know…one day he will be leaving.”
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14
Q

What are some quote examples of Cottage caregivers?

A
  • “It’s for our benefit that we don’t get close…she’s definitely a resident.”
  • “I would probably give him my phone number but I would tell him don’t use it everyday…I wouldn’t want him accessing my Facebook page or anything like that.”
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15
Q

What are some quote examples of Shift caregivers?

A
  • “When asked about whether she would miss the child: “I see so many kids come through here, probably not.”

-“I’ve learned to not get attached to them because…they may leave one day.”

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16
Q

What are some take aways about Foster Care?

A
  • Foster care can be a context in which caregivers commit and emotionally invest in children, even when the situation is temporary
  • In contrast, group care may prevent this level of commitment to a particular child
17
Q

What are some implications of Foster Parenting?

A
  • Need for more foster parents, who invest in fewer children
  • Aim for pre-adoptive homes, kinship care, or foster parents that support relationship with birth parent (when reunification is the plan)
  • Help foster parents feel psychologically/emotionally committed
  • Resources/support for foster parents
18
Q

What are some challenges for children?

A
  • Developmentally, children expect (and are biologically prepared for) a primary caregiver
  • Instability, disruptions in care
  • Lack of support for “aging out”
19
Q

How does Institutional or Orphanage care compare to Foster care?

A
  • Out-of-home care is necessary
  • Comes with challenges for children in care, and challenges for adults providing care
20
Q

What is Random Assignment

A
  • Process of randomly assigning participants to have a certain experience
  • When participants are randomly assigned to groups, third variables (confounds) are randomly distributed across the groups
  • Random assignment leads to the condition of groups systematically differing only on the manipulated variable
  • May have other differences, but these are now random
21
Q

What is a BEIP [Bucharest Early Intervention Project] design

A
  • Study design
  • Random assignment
  • High-quality foster care (Designed by researchers)
  • Care as usual (Institutional care)
  • Community Comparison group
22
Q

BEIP High-Quality Foster Care

A
  • Social workers visited every 10 days within first several months of placement, then twice per month
  • Social workers available for phone calls and visits as needed; case managers on call 24/7
  • Developmental and behavioral interventions to address needs of children
  • 8-week foster parent support group (education and social support)
23
Q

What is a Longitudinal Follow Up?

A
  • Longitudinal assessment schedule:
    Baseline (Mean age = 22 months); 9 months; 30 months; 42 months; 54 months; 8 year follow up
  • Domains of functioning assessed: Physical development, language, social functioning, cognition, attachment, brain function, mental health functioning
24
Q

What are some important research questions about BEIP Design

A
  • What are the effects of extreme deprivation on children’s development?
  • Can foster care ameliorate effects of early neglect?
    If so, does it matter when?
25
Q

What are some Big Picture Take Aways

A
  • Effects of institutional care are pervasive and devastating
  • Timing is of the essence: Remediation becomes more difficult the longer adverse conditions last
  • In moving away from institutional care, it is critical that a high quality foster care system be developed
26
Q

What are some Effects on Attachment?

A
  • Assessed at 42 months
  • Measured using the Strange Situation (Ainsworth et al., 1978)
    Classifications:
    Organized (Secure, Insecure [Avoidant, Resistant])
    Disorganized
  • Who was the primary caregiver to whom attachment was assessed? Community children with mothers, Foster children with foster mothers, Institutionalized with “favorite” caregiver
27
Q

What are some effects of timing for attachment?

A
  • Children placed in foster care before 24 months were more likely to have secure attachments, than children placed later
28
Q

What is Reactive Attachment Disorder (DSM-V)

A
  • Formerly RAD-Inhibited type
  • Withdrawn, doesn’t engage, lack of preference for caregiver, poor emotion regulation
29
Q

What is Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSM-V)

A
  • Formerly RAD-Disinhibited type
  • Lack of reticence around strangers, willingness to go off with stranger, clinging to unfamiliar adults
30
Q

What are the Effects on Reactive Attachment Disorder in BEIP

A
  • Institutionalized children (both FC and CAU) showed elevated inhibited type and disinhibited behavior, compared to never-institutionalized community controls
31
Q

What are the Effects on Brain Activity?

A
  • Remember findings that institutionalized children show Lower alpha power/higher theta power seen in institutionalized (similar to ADHD)
  • If placed into foster care before 24 months, children showed EEG activity in the alpha band that was comparable to never-institutionalized children
32
Q

Summary of BEIP

A
  • Effects of institutional care are pervasive and devastating
  • Timing is of the essence: Remediation becomes more difficult the longer adverse conditions last
  • In moving away from institutional care, it is critical that a high quality foster care system be developed

Child Maltreatment (18 decks)

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