Forms of programmed cell death 03

Question 1

what is apoptosis

Answer 1

• regulated suicide of a cell
• theres an activation of enzymes degrading DNA and proteins
• formation of apoptotic bodies

Question 2

morphological changes of apoptosis

Answer 2

• cell skrinkage
• chromatin condensation to masses of varying shape
• formation of blebs and apoptotic bodies

Question 3

what enzymes is involved in apoptosis?

Answer 3

caspase cascade

Question 4

inflammation caspases

Answer 4

1, 4, 5

Question 5

initiator caspases

Answer 5

2, 8, 9, 10

Question 6

executioner caspases

Answer 6

3, 6, 7

Question 7

what are the 2 phases of apoptosis

Answer 7

• initiation phase: activation of caspases

- execution phase: caspases trigger degradation of cellular components

Question 8

intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway

Answer 8

is due to increased permeability of the mito outer membrane with release of pro-apoptotic molecules (cytochrome C) from the intermembrane space. it is controlled by BCL2

Question 9

the death receptor initiated pathway (intrinsic)

Answer 9

death receptors - TNF family

Fas

Question 10

which initiator caspase does the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway activate

Answer 10

intrinsic: #9
extrinsic: #8

Question 11

what is necroptosis

Answer 11

loss of ATP, more ROS, swelling of organelles. Is caspase independant. it is a defense mechanism against some viruses what encode caspase inhibitors.

Question 12

pyroptosis

Answer 12

is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. is accompaned by release of IL-1 (fever inducing cytokine), activation of caspase 1

Question 13

autophagy

Answer 13

ingestion of cells