Formation Flashcards
Conceptual model of the primary dimensions that underlie individual differences in personality:
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience
Big Five theory
Degree to which an individual tends to seek out social contacts.
Extraversion
Degree to which one’s values, attitudes, and outlooks emphasize, and facilitate establishing and maintaining, connections to others.
Relationality
Dispositional tendency to seek out others
Need for affiliation
Dispositional tendency to seek warm, positive relationships with others
Need for intimacy
Dispositional tendency to seek control over others.
Need for power
Theory of group formation and development
proposed by William Schutz that emphasizes compatibility among three basic social motives: inclusion, control, and affection.
Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO)
Feeling of apprehension and embarrassment experienced when anticipating or actually interacting with other people.
Social anxiety
One’s characteristic approach to relationships with other people:
secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing
Attachment style
Evaluating the accuracy of personal beliefs and attitudes by comparing oneself to others
Social comparison
Comparing oneself to others who are performing less effectively relative to
oneself.
Downward social comparison
Comparing oneself to others who are performing more effectively relative to
oneself.
Upward social comparison
Theory proposed by Abraham Tesser which assumes that individuals maintain and enhance self-esteem by associating with high-achieving individuals who excel in areas that
are not relevant to their own sense of self-esteem and avoiding association with high-achieving individuals who excel in areas that are important to their sense of self-esteem.
Self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model
A sense of belonging, emotional support,
advice, guidance, tangible assistance, and spiritual perspective given to others when they experience stress, daily hassles, and more significant life crises.
Social support
Dispositional tendency to compare oneself to others.
Social comparison orientation
Some Forms of Social Support Provided by Groups (5)
Belonging
Emotional support
Informational support
Instrumental support
Spiritual support
Some Forms of Social Support Provided by Groups
Inclusion in a group
Belonging
Some Forms of Social Support Provided by Groups
Expressing caring and concern for one another
Emotional support
Some Forms of Social Support Provided by Groups
Providing advice and guidance
Informational support
Some Forms of Social Support Provided by Groups
Providing tangible resources
Instrumental support
Some Forms of Social Support Provided by Groups
Addressing issues of meaning and purpose
Spiritual support
Feelings of desperation, boredom, self deprecation, and depression experienced when individuals feel their personal relationships are too few or too
unsatisfying
Loneliness
Tendency for individuals to form interpersonal relations with those who are close by.
Proximity principle
Tendency for groups to expand as members form dyadic associations with someone
who is not in the group and thereby draw the nonmember into the group.
Elaboration principle
Tendency to affiliate with or be attracted to similar others; this tendency causes groups and other interpersonal aggregates to be composed of individuals who are similar to one another rather than dissimilar.
Similarity principle
Tendency for group members to display
certain affinities, such as similarities in demographic background, attitudes, values, or so on; the overall degree of similarity of individuals within the same group.
Homophily
Tendency for group members to like people who are dissimilar to them in ways that complement their personal qualities.
Complementarity principle
As described by William Schutz, compatibility between group members based on their similar needs for inclusion, control, and affection.
Interchange compatibility
Tendency for liking to be met with liking in return; if A likes B then B will tend to like A.
Reciprocity principle
Tendency to prefer relationships and group memberships that provide the maximum
number of valued rewards and incur the fewest number of possible costs.
Minimax principle
In John Thibaut and Harold Kelley’s social exchange theory, the standard by which individuals evaluate the quality of other groups that they may join.
Comparison level for alternatives (CLalt)
