Forgetting: Retrieval failure Flashcards
What is retrieval failure?
When the ‘cues’ present at the time of encoding are not present at the time of recall
What and whos principle does this describe?
Tulvings ‘encoding specificity principle (ESP)’
how many types of forgetting are there?
two
What are the two types of forgetting?
Context- dependent
state- dependent
whats context dependent forgetting?
When our external cues at the time of encoding do not match those present at recall
who demonstrated context dependent forgetting
Godden and Baddeley (1975)
What did Godden and Baddeley find?
Deep-water divers recall at ‘matching’ conditions (learnt underwater, recalled underwater etc.) was better than non-matching conditions (eg. learnt on land and recalled underwater)
what is state dependent recall?
when our internal cues at the time of encoding dont match those present at recall
who demonstrated state dependent recall?
Carter and Cassaday (1998)
What did Carter and Cassaday find?
with anti-histamines, P’s recall when internal conditions matched (learnt on drugs and recalled on drugs) was significantly better than wehn internal conditions didnt match (eg. learnt not on drug and recalled on drug)
what % better was the recall when internal conditions matched?
40%
what are the strengths of this?
- Eysenck suggested that retrieval failure may be why we forget things from LTM. conditions were strictly controlled in lab, increases validity of retrieval failure due to more confidence placed on the conclusion.
