Forgetting Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the retrieval failure theory
A
- Forgetting in the long term memory
- The information is stored in the long term memory but cannot be accessed
- Forgetting according to this is due to lack of cues
2
Q
Describe forgetting due to lack of cues
A
- If a cue is to help us recall it has to be present at encoding and at retrieval
- If the cues are different at encoding and retrieval then there is forgetting
3
Q
Give a study which explains context depended forgetting
A
- Abernethy
- Students were tested before a course began in the following condition
- Altered between teaching room and teaching
- Usual instructor with usual room performed the best
4
Q
Eyewitness testimonies
A
- Evidence supplied in court by people who witness a specific event relying on their memory
5
Q
What are eye witness testimonies affected by?
A
- Misleading information such as leading questions and post event discussion
6
Q
What are the 2 cue dependent forgettings?
A
- Context dependent
- State dependent
7
Q
State Dependent forgetting
A
- Forgetting when learning and recalling are in different moods or physical states
8
Q
Leading Question
A
- It can bias a response without changing their memory
- Can change stored memory
- eg ‘Did you see the broken glass’
9
Q
Post Event Discussion
A
- Individual’s memory can be contaminated by what other people say or misleading information so witnesses must be kept apart until statements are taken to avoid this.
10
Q
What are the processes of the cognitive interview?
A
- Mental reinstatement
- Report everything
- Recall in reverse
- Recall from changed perspective
11
Q
Anxiety
A
- Unpleasant emotional state where we fear that something bad is about to happen
12
Q
Explain what the Yerkes Dodson Law shows
A
- Low levels of arousal produces low recall
- Recall increases as anxiety increases but reaches an optimal level
- High levels of anxiety produces low levels of recall
