Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
Who founded it?
JB Watson
When was it founded?
1915
Classical conditioning
A learning process which builds up an association between 2 stimuli through repeated pairings.
Stimulus
Anything in the environment that is detectable by the senses
Response
Any reaction in the presence of the stimulus
Neutral Stimulus
A stimulus which does not naturally produce a response
Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus which produces a reflex action
Unconditioned Response
A innate reflex response
Conditioned Stimulus
The stimulus which produces the learned response after an association has taken place
Conditioned Response
A learned response
Operant Conditioning
Encouraging a behaviour to happen again
Positive reinforcement
Increases likelihood of a response occurring because it involves a reward for the behaviour
Negative reinforcement
Increases the likelihood of a response occurring because it involves the removal of an unpleasant consequence
Punishment
Decreases the likelihood of a response occurring
Negative punishment
taking something admirable away
Positive punishment
receiving something unpleasant
Describe Pavlov’s Dog Study
- Pavlov would ring a bell and feed his dogs food. Over time, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would begin to salivate when they heard the bell
- Meat (UCS) + Salivate (UCR)
- Bell (NS) + Meat (UCS) = Salivate (UCR)
- Bell (CS) = Salivate (CR)
Describe Skinners Box Study
- An animal is placed in the box and trained to perform a desired behaviour, such as pressing a lever, in exchange for a reward, like food. It contains a lever, key, or bar that the animal can manipulate
- The box is small and designed to reduce external stimuli, like light and sound
