Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Who founded it?

Answer 1

JB Watson

Question 2

When was it founded?

Answer 2

1915

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

A learning process which builds up an association between 2 stimuli through repeated pairings.

Question 4

Stimulus

Answer 4

Anything in the environment that is detectable by the senses

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

Any reaction in the presence of the stimulus

Question 5

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 5

A stimulus which does not naturally produce a response

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 6

A stimulus which produces a reflex action

Question 7

Unconditioned Response

Answer 7

A innate reflex response

Question 8

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 8

The stimulus which produces the learned response after an association has taken place

Question 9

Conditioned Response

Answer 9

A learned response

Question 10

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

Encouraging a behaviour to happen again

Question 11

Positive reinforcement

Answer 11

Increases likelihood of a response occurring because it involves a reward for the behaviour

Question 12

Negative reinforcement

Answer 12

Increases the likelihood of a response occurring because it involves the removal of an unpleasant consequence

Question 13

Punishment

Answer 13

Decreases the likelihood of a response occurring

Question 14

Negative punishment

Answer 14

taking something admirable away

Question 15

Positive punishment

Answer 15

receiving something unpleasant

Question 16

Describe Pavlov’s Dog Study

Answer 16

• Pavlov would ring a bell and feed his dogs food. Over time, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would begin to salivate when they heard the bell
• Meat (UCS) + Salivate (UCR)
• Bell (NS) + Meat (UCS) = Salivate (UCR)
• Bell (CS) = Salivate (CR)

Question 17

Describe Skinners Box Study

Answer 17

• An animal is placed in the box and trained to perform a desired behaviour, such as pressing a lever, in exchange for a reward, like food. It contains a lever, key, or bar that the animal can manipulate
• The box is small and designed to reduce external stimuli, like light and sound