Forensics Quiz 4 Flashcards
Drug Interaction: Synergism
increases effects of drugs through combination of drugsT
Drug Interaction:Tolerance
Effect of drug decreases due t prior exposure
Elimination from Body
1.Excrete in urine-majority of time
2.Sweat it out
3.Vomit
4.Exhaling
Alcohol
ethanol creates to a CNS depressant
BAC
blood alcohol concentration
g/dL
numbers of grams present in liters of blood
Factors that determine BAC
1.Bodyweight/height
2.presence/absence of food in stomach
3.Gender
4.Metabolism
5.Tolerance(experienced new drinker)
6.Genetics
7.Type of drink
8.size of drink
9.Rate of consumption
10.medication
Alcohol level indicator:.02 g/dl
most people begin feel some effect from alcohol
Alcohol level indicator:.04 g/dl
definite feeling of relaation
Alcohol level indicator:.06 g/dl
most people less able to make rational descisions
Alcohol level indicator:.08 g/dl
definite impairment in motor coordination skills, ability to drive is compromised
Alcohol level indicator:12 g/dl
vomiting may occur inexperienced drinkers
Alcohol level indicator:.15g/dl
balance is seriously compromised
Alcohol level indicator:.4g/dl
most people lose consciousness may die
Field Sobriety Test
1.Waling and turning
2.Stand on one foot
3.horizontal gaze nystagmus(must use formal names on test)
Follow the moving object(pen) with your eyes when your uni you have a hard time steadily following(jerking manner)
4.breathalyzer(all is a a volatile vapor
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
-information that serves as a blueprint for our existence
-2 types-mitochondrial and nuclear)
-shaped like a ladder
-rungs are nucleotides(base),H has the DNA
Dna has
4bases,adenine,thymine,guanine,cystocine
Nuclear Dna
-Adenline always pairs w/ Tymine A-T
-Guanine always pairs w/Cytostine G-C
-they also never pair w/themselves
Central Dogma
genetic information flows:in one direction from DNA to RNA(transcription)
-RNA turns to protein(translation)
RNA-ribonucleic acid
uses adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
-A-U and G-C connect
Replication
created identical DNA strands
Transcription
conversion of DNA to RNA
-there are 20 types of amino acids
for every 3 bases it is called a codon(triplet of nucleotides)
Mutations Types(from OG DNA strand) step 1
- alter base
GAUCC AGAG(DNA)
CUGG UCU(RNA)
leu. val (amino)
Mutations Types(from OG DNA strand) step 2
2.skip base
-dfferent codon than the original strand both are different methods
DNA to RNA
DNA(ATCG) to RNA (AUCG)
-20 amino acids
Nuclear DNA
arranged in structures called chromosomes
humans have how many chromosomes and how much from each parent
-humans have 46 chromosomes
-23 from dad
-23 from mom
-23 pairs
chromosomes
-through chromosomes that each person in hearts the physical emotion characteristics from both parents
gene
genetic code contained in portions of the chromosome
alleles
different forms of a gene
dominant
expressed allele
-a allele and B allele
recessive
silent allele
-O allele
Blood Type Groups and their Genotypes
Blood Type A- AA,AO
Blood Type B-BB,BO
Blood Type AB-AB
Blood Type O-OO
genotypes
genetic makeup
phenotypes
characteristics that are visible
Polymerse Chain Reaction(PCR)
developed by Dr. Kery Mullins in 1983
Gregor Mendel
-1860s
-mendelinan heriditary.genetics
Punnet Square
indicated all potential progeny genotypes
Ross Syndrome
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Sex linked means x linked
-affected males can not pass the trait to their off spring
-pass the gene to all their daughters
-unless the daughter also receivesth genes from her mother, she is a phenotypically normal carrier of the trait
Sex linked(x linked)
Sex-linked (X-linked) Inheritance: When a condition is X-linked, it means the gene causing the condition is located on the X chromosome
