Forensic Quiz 3 Flashcards
Follicle
structure from hair originates and grows
Hair Growth(anagen)
most active hair growth
85%
2-6 or 7 yrs
Hair Growth(Catagen)
transition between hair growth and rest
3 weeks
1-2%
Hair Growth(Telogen)
hair growth stops
3 months
10-14%
Hair Color
special cells called melanocytes produces granules of melanin
Melanin(1st Type)-Eumelanin
dark /brown/black
Melanin(2nd Type)-Phacumelanin
light color/blonde
Types of Melanin
under genetic influence theses two types of melanin are present in various combinations, densities and distributions(which gives rise to natural color
Hair Treatment and Damage
Razor Cut-angled tip
Scissors cut-straight tip
Human Hair
Interrupted,fragmented,absenton
Non Human Hair
continoious
hair cells
mitochondrial DNA is passed down by maternal lineage
Medulla
makes the difference in hair texture/medulla patterns continuous fragmented and absent
DNA analysis of Hair
hair cells do have there own type of DNA,contain mitochrondrial DNA
Fibers can be important evidence because…
- They may be easily transferred ex.sit on a chair, someone else sits on chair, those fibers get transferred
- may have multiple transfers can help establish when events occur
2.may have multiple fibers
3.they are produced with a specific enduser in time
4.come in a huge variety of colors. ex use in microscope
Natural Fibers
fibers exist in nature as a fiber such as animals or plants like cotton silk wool or cashmere
Synthetic Fibers
fibers manufactured from materials that are not fibers(man made),such as polyester,nylonS
semi-synthetic fibers
made from a naturally occurring substance(have to process it more) such as bamboo, rayon and modal
Fiber Morphology
A.type of fiber-most important characteristic(identify use microscopy
B.size of fiber
C.cross section
D.Color
E.Crimp-twist,reink,wave
F.Diameter
G.Delusterant(finely ground materials(titanium dioxide)
H.Refractive Index(n)
n=c(speed of light)/squareroot(speed of light medium)
Chemical Analysis of Fiber
1.Fourier Transform Unfared Spectrophotometry(FTUR) Microscopy
2.Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography(PyGC)
Fourier Transform Unfared Spectrophotometry
-non destructive to the evidence
-can determine broad class or subclass of fiber
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography
-destructive to evidence
-can distinguish closely related fibers because test is sensitive to small difference of chemical makeup of the fiber
Dye
1.Thin Layer Chromatography-Dye(s) not identified, compare known dye to unknown dye
2.Liquid chromatography/massive spectrometry
Drug
a substance designed to have specific physical and/or emotional effects on people/or animalss
Licit Drugs
must have a recognized medical use as a defined by the FDA
Illicit Drugs
abused(controlled substances)
Licit Drugs Abuse
-absused/taken for purposes other than those for which were originally developed,use innapropriatly
Types of Licit Drugs
1.Methaphetamine-legitamtly marketed as a stimulant to counter feelings of fatigue or depression as appetite suppressant or control hyperkensia
2.Steroids-drugs that mimic the actions of male sex hormones tester one,promote growth of cells especially muscle cells and maintain or increase the male physical characteristics
Federal Drug Schedule
Schedule 1-no currently accepted medical use
Schedule 2-use will potentially lead to severe psychological or physical dependency
Schedule 3-ModeratePotential for Abuse
Schedule 4-Low Potential for abuse
Schedule 5-Low Potential for abuse
Origins of Illicit Drugs
1.Naturally occurring substances ex.marijuana(canabis),cocaine(cocoa leaves),morphine(poppy seeds)
2.Derived from naturally occurring substances ex heroine-morphine,LSD-made from lysergic acid
3.Synthetic-made in labatories(man made) ex.methamphetamine,PCP(phencyclidine)
Major Classification of Drugs-Stimulants
Boost persons mood and energy level to relieve symptoms of depression, stimulate people with fatigue depression,lethargy,street slang name-uppers
ex.cocaine,methamphetimine(pseudephredine-decongestant),nicotine
Major Classification of Drugs-Depressants
sedative effects, medically prescribed to relieve people with anxiety,nervousness,restlessness
ex.barbituates(ex. pentobarbital,GHB,Rohyphol(date rape drugs)
Hallucinogens
change users perceptions of reality and passing of time, audio/visual hallucinates
ex.marijuana,ectasy,LSD,inhalants,PCP,psilocybin,peyote
Narcotics
imprecisely defined and typically has negative
sleep inducing,CNS depressant(brain and spinal cord)
connotation(opiates,opium,opiods)
ex.morphine,herion,fentanyl,methadone,oxydone
Analysis of Illicit Drugs
A.Requirement of Drug Analysis
-any conclusion must be reliable and defendable scientifically
-must prove it to a degree of reasonable scientific certainty
-standard of proof in court
Schemes for Analysis of Drugs
1.Screening Test
2.Seperation Test-extract impurities
3.Confirmatory Test-mass spectrometer(positive identify substance)
