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FORENSICS > Forensic Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Forensic Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

blood

A

a solution of various materials in water

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2
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood,55% f total volume
-90% water
10% substances dissolved in it protiens glucose fats hormones nutrients:salt and mineral,antibodies

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3
Q

cells

A

sold portion of blood,45% of total blood volume
-red blood cells

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4
Q

red blood cells

A

(RBC,erythrocytes),
-produced in bone marrow
-transport of gases(O2/CO2)
-have no cell nucleus/no nuclear DNA
-hemoglobin-heme unit
-life spans of 120 days

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5
Q

white blood cells

A

-produced in lymph nodes
-immune response
-nuclear DNA b/c cell nucleus
-life span of 3-20 days

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6
Q

platelets(thromobocytes)

A

-blood clotting mechanism
-life span of 5-9 days
irregularly shaped

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7
Q

Blood Type A

A

Antigens: A
Antibodies:B
Donate Blood to:A,AB
Receive blood from:A,O

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8
Q

Blood Type B

A

Antigens:B
Antibodies:A
Donate Blood to:B,AB
Receive Blood from:B,O

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9
Q

Blood Type AB

A

Antigens:A,B
Antibodies:None
Donate Blood to:AB
Recieve Blood from:All(universal recipitent)

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10
Q

Blood Type O

A

Antigens:None
Antibodies:A,B
Donate blood to:All (universal donor)
Receive Blood from:O

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11
Q

RH Factor

A

another antigen for blood typing

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12
Q

rh+

A

presence of RH factor

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13
Q

rh-

A

absence of RH factor

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14
Q

Luminol Reagent(preliminary test for blood)

A

It reacts with the heme group found in hemoglobin. H₂O₂ (Hydrogen Peroxide): This is a reactive substance that, when added to the reaction, participates in the chemiluminescent process. Heme Catalyst: Heme is a component of hemoglobin (found in red blood cells) and acts as a catalyst in this reaction. It helps to speed up the reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide.
-When luminol reacts with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the heme catalyst, it converts into a product called 3-aminophthalate. This product is key in producing light.
Chemiluminescence: This is the process by which light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction. In this case, the reaction generates light that lasts about 30 seconds.
No Thickening Agent

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15
Q

Fluorescein-reagent(preliminary test for blood)

A

hydrogen peroxide is used here as a reactive agent.
Heme Catalyst: The heme group from hemoglobin acts as a catalyst in this reaction,
Shine Short Wave of Light: When a short wave of light is applied to the fluorescein solution, it excites the molecules.
Fluorescent Product: The reaction produces a fluorescent compound that emits light when excited by the short wave of light. This means that, under the right conditions, the sample will glow brightly, indicating the presence of blood.
Fluorescent Reaction: This refers to the process where the fluorescein absorbs light and then re-emits it, creating a visible glow.
Thickening Agent

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16
Q

Confirmatory Test for Blood-Teichmann

A

Crystalizing regeant+blood(heme) creating microcrystrals

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17
Q

Confirmatory Test for Blood-Species Determination

A

using immunoprecipitation typing involves mixing rabbit antibodies with human blood serum(antigens). If the antibodies bind to the human antigens in the serum, this indicates that the blood sample is indeed human.

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18
Q

Geometry of a blood stain(surface texture)

A

hard, non porous surface(glass or smooth tiles) means less splatter
rough surface(concrete/wood) means irregular shaped stain with serrated edges

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19
Q

Geometry of blood stain(angle of impact)

A

Sin A=width/Length

20
Q

Blood Stain Splatter Patterns(Low Velocity Splatter)

A

pattern created by a force traveling at 5ft/sec or less
diameter greater then 3mm

21
Q

Blood Stain Splatter Patterns(Medium Velocity Splatter)

A

5-100 ft/sec
diameter 1-3 mm

22
Q

Blood Stain Splatter (High velocity splatter)

A

100ft/sec
diameter less than 1 mm

23
Q

Forward Splatter

A

splatter projected outward and away from source(exit wound)

24
Q

back splatter

A

blood projected backwards from source(entrance wound)

25
Q

Cast off splatter

A

a blood-covered object (like a weapon) is swung or moved, causing blood to leave the object and land on nearby surfaces.

26
Q

Arterial Spray Splatter

A

occurs when blood is forcibly expelled from a cut or damaged artery, often resulting in a high-velocity spray pattern.

27
Q

Area of Convergence

A

point on a two dimensional plane from which blood droplets originate

28
Q

Area of origin

A

-area in three dimensional space from blood was projected

29
Q

Crowners

A

determine cause of death

30
Q

Coroner

A

-brought from England to American Colonies
-elected official
-term of office:2-4yrs
-may or may not be a medical doctor
-Duty:conven an inquisition with a jury to investigate the death of a person

31
Q

Medical Examiner(M.E)

A

-brought from France and Scotland to N. America in the late 1800’s
-appointed official
-term of office:continously till retirement
-Must be medical doctor-board certified forensic pathologist
-Duty:perform autopsy,certifies the death certificate

32
Q

Death Investigation

A

1.Discovery of Body
2.Cause of Death
3.Planner of Death

33
Q

Cause of Death

A

1 Cause:immediate cause of death
2.contributing cause

34
Q

Planner of death

A

Homocide,Natural,Accidental,Suicide,Undetermined

35
Q

Autopsy

A

examination of the body after death
external and internal autopsy

36
Q

Patterns of Injury-Classification of Violent deaths(homocide)

A
  1. Mechanical Cause
    2.Chemical Cause
    3.Electrical cause
    4.Thermal Cause-Body Temp(hyperthermia is up, hypothermia is down
37
Q

Postmortem Interval (P.M.I)

A

time of death(establish or refute alibi)

38
Q

Postmortem Interval (PMI)

A

a.early PMI which is 1-48hrs after death

39
Q

Algor Mortis

A

tendency of the body to cool after death
-generally down 1 after every hour
-within 2 hours of death

40
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

degree of stiffening of the body
-death-muscle and joints relax
2-5hrs muscles contracted jointed stiffened
12-24 hrs where rigor mortis is completed
2-3 days rigor mortis disappears

41
Q

livor mortis

A

blood tends to pool to the lowest points of the body due to influence of gravity
-onset is rapid-about 30 mins after death is permanent

42
Q

Level of Potassium

A

After death level of potassium increases as the amount of hours increases

43
Q

Embalming

A

halts decomposing-1 month

44
Q

anthropology

A

the study of humans including their culture and biology

45
Q
A

FORENSICS (9 decks)

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