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Forelimb Muscles- Canine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 superficial pectoral muscles? which is most superficial?

A
  1. descending pectoral- most superficial
  2. transverse pectoral
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2
Q

what is the origin of the superficial pectoral muscles? insertion? innervation?

A

origin: the first two sternovertebrae
insertion: the whole crest of the greater tubercle
innervation: ventral branch of spinal nerves C7 and C8

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3
Q

what is the action of the 2 superficial pectoral muscles?

A

to adduct the limb when not bearing weight or prevent adduction when bearing weight

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4
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the deep pectoral muscle

A

origin: ventral part of sternum, deep abdominal fascia in xiphoid cartilage region
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus, greater tubercle, and xiphoid cartilage
innervation: caudal pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

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5
Q

what are the 2 parts of the brachiocephalicus? describe

A

cleidobrachialis: distal to clavicular intersection; attaches to distal end of cranial border of humerus
cleidocephalicus: extends from clavicular tendon to neck and head; attaches to occipital bone sometimes

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6
Q

what are the 2 parts of the cleidocephalicus? describe

A

pars cervicalis: attaches to dorsal midline of neck
pars mastoidea: attaches to mastoid process of the skull

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7
Q

what innervates the brachiocephalicus?

A

the accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

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8
Q

what is the function of the brachiocephalicus? (3)

A

to advance the limb, extend the shoulder joint, draw head and neck to side

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9
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the sternocephalicus

A

origin: sternum
attachment: head
innervation: accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

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10
Q

what are the 2 parts of the sternocephalicus?

A

ventral/mastoid part
dorsal/occipital part

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11
Q

what is the function of the sternocephalicus?

A

to draw head and neck to the side

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12
Q

give location and innervation of the sternohyoideus

A

lies on trachea, closer to midline than sternothyroideus; innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

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13
Q

function of sternohyoideus?

A

pull tongue and larynx caudally

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14
Q

give location, innervation, function of sternothyroideus

A

dorsal to sternohyoideus; innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves; function is same as sternohyoideus: pull tongue and larynx caudally

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15
Q

give attachment and innervation of omotransversarius

A

attachments: distal end of spine of scapula and transverse process of the atlas
innervation: accessory nerve

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16
Q

function of omotransversarius? (2)

A

extend limb or flex neck laterally

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17
Q

what are the 2 parts of the trapezius?

A

cervical and thoracic

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18
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of trapezius

A

origin: median ridge of the neck and supraspinous ligament to ninth thoracic vertebra
attachment: spine of scapula
innervation: accessory nerve

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19
Q

function of trapezius?

A

elevate and abduct the forelimb

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20
Q

what are the 3 parts of the rhomboideus? locations?

A

rhomboideus capitis: attaches to cranial dorsal borded of scapula to nuchal crest of occipital bone
rhomboideus cervicis: median ridge of neck to dorsal border of scapula
rhomboideus thoracis: connects the spines of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae to dorsal border of scapula; deep to latissimus dorsi

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21
Q

innervation of the rhomboideus?

A

ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

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22
Q

action of the rhomboideus? (2)

A

elevate forelimb and draw scapula against the trunk

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23
Q

what are the 2 parts of the seratus ventralis?

A

serratus ventralis cervicis and serratus ventralis thoracis

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24
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

origin: a muscular attachment to the last two or three ribs
insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus and teres major tendon
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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25
give origin, insertion, and innervation of serratus ventralis
origin: transverse processes of last 5 cervical vertebra and first 7-8 ribs insertion: serrated face of scapula innervation: ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and long thoracic nerve
26
function of the serratus ventralis?
support the trunk and depress the scapula
27
give origin, insertion, and innervation of the deltoideus
origin: scapular spine and acromion insertion: deltoid tuberosity innervation: axillary nerve
28
function of deltoideus?
flex shoulder
29
give origin, insertion, and innervation of infraspinatus
origin: infraspinous fossa insertion: greater tubercle of humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve
30
function of infraspinatous? (4)
1. can extend AND flex the shoulder joint 2. abduct shoulder 3. rotate humerus laterally 4. stabilize shoulder joint
31
give origin, insertion, and innervation of teres minor
origin: infraglenoid tubercle and caudal border of scapula insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus innervation: axillary nerve
32
function of teres minor? (3)
1. FLEX shoulder 2. rotate shoulder laterally 3. prevent medial rotation when bearing weight
33
give origin, insertion, and innervation of supraspinatus
origin: supraspinous fossa insertion: greater tubercle of humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve
34
action of supraspinatus? (2)
1. EXTEND the shoulder 2. stabilize shoulder joint
35
give origin, insertion, and innervation of subscapularis muscle
origin: subscapular fossa insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus innervation: subscapular nerve
36
action of subscapularis? (3)
adduct, EXTEND, and medially stabilize shoulder joint
37
give origin, insertion, and innervation of teres major
origin: caudal angle and adjacent caudal border or scapula; caudal surface of subscapularis insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus innervation: axillary nerve
38
action of teres major?
FLEX shoulder joint
39
give origin, insertion, and innervation of corachobracialis
origin: coracoid process of scapula insertion: crest of lesser tubercle proximal to teres major tuberosty innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
40
action of corachobracialis?
adduct, EXTEND, and stabilize shoulder joint
41
give origin, insertion, and innervation of tensor fascia antebrachii
origin: the fascia covering the lateral side of latissimus dorsi insertion: olecranon innervation: radial nerve
42
function of tensor fasciae antebrachii?
EXTEND elbow joint
43
what are the 4 parts of the triceps brachii?
1. long head 2. lateral head 3. medial head 4. accessory head
44
give origin, insertion, and innervation of of the long head of the triceps brachii
origin: caudal border of scapula insertion: olecranon tuber innervation: radial nerve
45
action of long head of triceps brachii?
EXTEND elbow and FLEX shoulder joints
46
give origin, insertion, and innervation of the lateral head of the triceps brachii
origin: tricipital line of humerus insertion: olecranon tuber innervation: radial nerve
47
action of the lateral head of triceps brachii?
EXTEND elbow joint
48
give origin, insertion, and innervation of the medial head of the triceps brachii
origin: crest of lesser tubercle near teres major tuberosity insertion: olecranon innervation: radial nerve
49
action of medial head of triceps brachii?
EXTEND elbow joint
50
give origin, insertion, and innervation of accessory head of triceps brachii
origin: neck of humerus insertion: olecranon tuber innervation: radial nerve
51
action of accessory head of triceps brachii?
EXTEND elbow joint
52
action of all heads of triceps brachii?
long head: extend elbow and flex shoulder lateral, medial, accessory heads: extend elbow joint
53
give origin, insertion, and innervation of the anconeus
origin: lateral supracondylar crest and lateral and medial epicondyles insertion: lateral surface of proximal end of ulna (olecranon) innervation: radial nerve
54
action of anconeus?
extend elbow joint
55
give origin, insertion, and innervation of biceps brachii
origin: supraglenoid tubercle insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
56
action of biceps brachii? (2)
FLEX elbow joint, EXTEND shoulder joint
57
give origin, insertion, and innervation of brachialis
origin: proximal third of lateral surface of humerus insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
58
function of brachialis?
flex elbow joint
59
give origin, insertion, and innervation of extensor carpi radialis
origin: lateral supracondylar crest insertion: MC 2 and 3 innervation: radial nerve
60
action of extensor carpi radialis?
extend the carpals
61
give origin, insertion, and innervation of common digital extensor
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanges (2,3,4,5) innervation: radial nerve
62
function of common digital extensor?
extend the digits and carpus
63
give origin, insertion, and innervation of lateral digital extensor
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits (3,4,5) innervation: radial nerve
64
action of lateral digital extensor?
extend carpal joints of carpus and digits (3,4,5)
65
give origin, insertion, and innervation of ulnaris lateralis (extensor carpi ulnaris)
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: accessory carpal innervation: radial nerve
66
action of ulnaris lateralis?
flex carpal joints and abduct manus
67
give origin, insertion, and innervation of supinator
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: cranial surface of radius innervation: radial nerve
68
action of supinator? (2)
make hands hold soup (rotate forearm laterally so paw faces medially/supination); FLEX elbow joint
69
give origin, insertion, and innervation of abductor digit I longus
origin: lateral border and cranial surface of body of ulna insertion: proximal end of metacarpal I innervation: radial nerve
70
action of give origin, insertion, and innervation of abductor digit I longus? (2)
abduct first digit; extend carpal joints
71
give origin, insertion, and innervation of pronator teres
origin: medial epicondyle insertion: medial border of radius innervation: median nerve
72
action of pronator teres? (2)
FLEX elbow; pronation: rotate forearm medially so palmar side of paw faces ground
73
give origin, insertion, and innervation of flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle and medial border or radius insertion: palmar side of M2 and M3 innervation: median nerve
74
action of flexor carpi radialis?
flex carpal joints
75
give origin, insertion, and innervation of superficial digital flexor
origin: medial epicondyle insertion: proximal end of middle phalanges (except digit I) innervation: median nerve
76
action of superficial digital flexor?
flex carpal, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints
77
give origin, insertion, and innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
origin of ulnar head: caudal border and medial surface of olecranon origin of humeral head: medical epicondyle insertion: accessory carpal innervation: ulnar nerve
78
action of flexor carpi ulnaris?
flex carpus
79
give origin, insertion, and innervation of deep digital flexor
origin: medial epicondyle, caudal border of ulna, and medial border of radius insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx of each digit innervation: median and ulnar nerves (has an ulnar head!)
80
action of deep digital flexor?
flex carpal, metacarpophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints of digits
81
give origin, insertion, and innervation of pronator quadrus
origin: space between radius and ulna insertion: surfaces of radius and ulna innervation: median nerve
82
action of pronator quadrus?
pronation of paw
83
give the 4 muscles of the lateral scapula and shoulder, plus innervation and function
1. deltoid: axillary nerve, flex shoulder 2. teres minor: axillary nerve, flex shoulder 3. infraspinatous: subscapular nerve, extend and flex shoulder 4. supraspinatous: suprascapular nerve, extend shoulder
84
give the 3 muscles of the medial scapula and shoulder, plus innervation and function
1. subscapularis: subscapular nerve, extend shoulder 2. teres major: axillary nerve, flex shoulder 3. coracobrachialis: extend shoulder, musculocutaneous nerve
85
give the 3 muscles of the caudal arm, plus innervation and function
1. tensor fascia brachii: radial nerve, extend elbow 2. triceps brachii: radial nerve, extend elbow 3. anconeus: radial nerve, extend elbow
86
give the 2 muscles of the cranial arm, plus innervation and function
1. biceps brachii: musculocutaneous nerve, flex elbow 2. brcahialis: musculocutaneous nerve, flex elbow
87
give the 6 muscles of the cranial-lateral forearm, plus innervation and function
1. extensor carpi radialis: radial nerve, extend carpus 2. common digital extensor: radial nerve, extend digits 3. lateral digital extensor: radial nerve, extend digits 4. ulnaris lateralis: radial nerve, abducts carpus 5. supinator: radial nerve, supination 6. abductor digiti I longus: radial nerve, abduct digit I sesamoid
88
give the 6 muscles of the caudal-medial forearm, plus innervation and function
1. flexor carpi radialis: median nerve, flex carpal 2. flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar nerve, flex carpals 3. pronator quadrus: median nerve, pronation of paw 4. pronator teres: median nerve, pronation of arm 5. superficial digital flexor: median nerve and ulnar nerve (ulnar head), flex digits 6. deep digital flexor: median nerve, flex digits
89
give the 7 shoulder flexors plus innervation
1. deltoideus: axillary 2. teres minor: axillary 3. teres major: axillary 4. infraspinatus: subscapular 5. long head of triceps: radial 6. Latissimus dorsi: thoracodorsal 7. Deep pectoral
90
give the 5 shoulder extensors plus innervation
1. supraspinatous: subscapular 2. infraspinatous: subscapular 3. subscapularis: subscapular 4. corachobrachialis: musculocutaneous 5. biceps brachii: musculocutaneous
91
give the 4 elbow flexors plus innervation
1. biceps brachii: musculocutaneous 2. brachialis: musculocutaneous 3. Pronator teres: median 4. Supinator;: radial
92
give the 6 elbow extensors plus innervation
1. tensor fascia brachii: radial 2. lateral head of tricep brachii: radial 3. long head of triceps brachii: radial 4. medial head of triceps brachii: radial 5. accessory head of triceps brachii: radial 6. aconeus: radial
93
give the 4 carpal extensors plus innervation
1. extensor carpi radialis: radial 2. common digital extensor: radial 3. lateral digital extensor: radial 4. abductor digit I longus: radial
94
give the 5 carpal flexors plus innervation:
1. superficial digital flexor: median 2. flexor carpi radialis: median 3. deep digital flexor: median and ulnar 4. flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar 5. Ulnaris lateralis
95
give the 2 digit extensors plus innervation
1. common digital extensor: radial 2. lateral digital extensor: radial
96
is the pronator teres big enough to compensate for loss of other elbow flexors?
nope

IMSK (17 decks)

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