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IMSK > Forelimb Muscles- Canine > Flashcards

Forelimb Muscles- Canine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 superficial pectoral muscles? which is most superficial?

A
  1. descending pectoral- most superficial
  2. transverse pectoral
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2
Q

what is the origin of the superficial pectoral muscles? insertion? innervation?

A

origin: the first two sternovertebrae
insertion: the whole crest of the greater tubercle
innervation: ventral branch of spinal nerves C7 and C8

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3
Q

what is the action of the 2 superficial pectoral muscles?

A

to adduct the limb when not bearing weight or prevent adduction when bearing weight

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4
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the deep pectoral muscle

A

origin: ventral part of sternum, deep abdominal fascia in xiphoid cartilage region
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus, greater tubercle, and xiphoid cartilage
innervation: caudal pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

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5
Q

what are the 2 parts of the brachiocephalicus? describe

A

cleidobrachialis: distal to clavicular intersection; attaches to distal end of cranial border of humerus
cleidocephalicus: extends from clavicular tendon to neck and head; attaches to occipital bone sometimes

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6
Q

what are the 2 parts of the cleidocephalicus? describe

A

pars cervicalis: attaches to dorsal midline of neck
pars mastoidea: attaches to mastoid process of the skull

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7
Q

what innervates the brachiocephalicus?

A

the accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

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8
Q

what is the function of the brachiocephalicus? (3)

A

to advance the limb, extend the shoulder joint, draw head and neck to side

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9
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the sternocephalicus

A

origin: sternum
attachment: head
innervation: accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

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10
Q

what are the 2 parts of the sternocephalicus?

A

ventral/mastoid part
dorsal/occipital part

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11
Q

what is the function of the sternocephalicus?

A

to draw head and neck to the side

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12
Q

give location and innervation of the sternohyoideus

A

lies on trachea, closer to midline than sternothyroideus; innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

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13
Q

function of sternohyoideus?

A

pull tongue and larynx caudally

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14
Q

give location, innervation, function of sternothyroideus

A

dorsal to sternohyoideus; innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves; function is same as sternohyoideus: pull tongue and larynx caudally

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15
Q

give attachment and innervation of omotransversarius

A

attachments: distal end of spine of scapula and transverse process of the atlas
innervation: accessory nerve

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16
Q

function of omotransversarius? (2)

A

extend limb or flex neck laterally

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17
Q

what are the 2 parts of the trapezius?

A

cervical and thoracic

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18
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of trapezius

A

origin: median ridge of the neck and supraspinous ligament to ninth thoracic vertebra
attachment: spine of scapula
innervation: accessory nerve

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19
Q

function of trapezius?

A

elevate and abduct the forelimb

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20
Q

what are the 3 parts of the rhomboideus? locations?

A

rhomboideus capitis: attaches to cranial dorsal borded of scapula to nuchal crest of occipital bone
rhomboideus cervicis: median ridge of neck to dorsal border of scapula
rhomboideus thoracis: connects the spines of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae to dorsal border of scapula; deep to latissimus dorsi

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21
Q

innervation of the rhomboideus?

A

ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

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22
Q

action of the rhomboideus? (2)

A

elevate forelimb and draw scapula against the trunk

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23
Q

what are the 2 parts of the seratus ventralis?

A

serratus ventralis cervicis and serratus ventralis thoracis

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24
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

origin: a muscular attachment to the last two or three ribs
insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus and teres major tendon
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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25
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of serratus ventralis

A

origin: transverse processes of last 5 cervical vertebra and first 7-8 ribs
insertion: serrated face of scapula
innervation: ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and long thoracic nerve

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26
Q

function of the serratus ventralis?

A

support the trunk and depress the scapula

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27
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the deltoideus

A

origin: scapular spine and acromion
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
innervation: axillary nerve

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28
Q

function of deltoideus?

A

flex shoulder

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29
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of infraspinatus

A

origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve

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30
Q

function of infraspinatous? (4)

A
  1. can extend AND flex the shoulder joint
  2. abduct shoulder
  3. rotate humerus laterally
  4. stabilize shoulder joint
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31
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of teres minor

A

origin: infraglenoid tubercle and caudal border of scapula
insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve

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32
Q

function of teres minor? (3)

A
  1. FLEX shoulder
  2. rotate shoulder laterally
  3. prevent medial rotation when bearing weight
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33
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of supraspinatus

A

origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve

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34
Q

action of supraspinatus? (2)

A
  1. EXTEND the shoulder
  2. stabilize shoulder joint
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35
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of subscapularis muscle

A

origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation: subscapular nerve

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36
Q

action of subscapularis? (3)

A

adduct, EXTEND, and medially stabilize shoulder joint

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37
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of teres major

A

origin: caudal angle and adjacent caudal border or scapula; caudal surface of subscapularis
insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve

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38
Q

action of teres major?

A

FLEX shoulder joint

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39
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of corachobracialis

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: crest of lesser tubercle proximal to teres major tuberosty
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

40
Q

action of corachobracialis?

A

adduct, EXTEND, and stabilize shoulder joint

41
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of tensor fascia antebrachii

A

origin: the fascia covering the lateral side of latissimus dorsi
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve

42
Q

function of tensor fasciae antebrachii?

A

EXTEND elbow joint

43
Q

what are the 4 parts of the triceps brachii?

A
  1. long head
  2. lateral head
  3. medial head
  4. accessory head
44
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of of the long head of the triceps brachii

A

origin: caudal border of scapula
insertion: olecranon tuber
innervation: radial nerve

45
Q

action of long head of triceps brachii?

A

EXTEND elbow and FLEX shoulder joints

46
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the lateral head of the triceps brachii

A

origin: tricipital line of humerus
insertion: olecranon tuber
innervation: radial nerve

47
Q

action of the lateral head of triceps brachii?

A

EXTEND elbow joint

48
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the medial head of the triceps brachii

A

origin: crest of lesser tubercle near teres major tuberosity
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve

49
Q

action of medial head of triceps brachii?

A

EXTEND elbow joint

50
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of accessory head of triceps brachii

A

origin: neck of humerus
insertion: olecranon tuber
innervation: radial nerve

51
Q

action of accessory head of triceps brachii?

A

EXTEND elbow joint

52
Q

action of all heads of triceps brachii?

A

long head: extend elbow and flex shoulder
lateral, medial, accessory heads: extend elbow joint

53
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of the anconeus

A

origin: lateral supracondylar crest and lateral and medial epicondyles
insertion: lateral surface of proximal end of ulna (olecranon)
innervation: radial nerve

54
Q

action of anconeus?

A

extend elbow joint

55
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of biceps brachii

A

origin: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

56
Q

action of biceps brachii? (2)

A

FLEX elbow joint, EXTEND shoulder joint

57
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of brachialis

A

origin: proximal third of lateral surface of humerus
insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

58
Q

function of brachialis?

A

flex elbow joint

59
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of extensor carpi radialis

A

origin: lateral supracondylar crest
insertion: MC 2 and 3
innervation: radial nerve

60
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis?

A

extend the carpals

61
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of common digital extensor

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanges (2,3,4,5)
innervation: radial nerve

62
Q

function of common digital extensor?

A

extend the digits and carpus

63
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of lateral digital extensor

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits (3,4,5)
innervation: radial nerve

64
Q

action of lateral digital extensor?

A

extend carpal joints of carpus and digits (3,4,5)

65
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of ulnaris lateralis (extensor carpi ulnaris)

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: accessory carpal
innervation: radial nerve

66
Q

action of ulnaris lateralis?

A

flex carpal joints and abduct manus

67
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of supinator

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: cranial surface of radius
innervation: radial nerve

68
Q

action of supinator? (2)

A

make hands hold soup (rotate forearm laterally so paw faces medially/supination); FLEX elbow joint

69
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of abductor digit I longus

A

origin: lateral border and cranial surface of body of ulna
insertion: proximal end of metacarpal I
innervation: radial nerve

70
Q

action of give origin, insertion, and innervation of abductor digit I longus? (2)

A

abduct first digit; extend carpal joints

71
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of pronator teres

A

origin: medial epicondyle
insertion: medial border of radius
innervation: median nerve

72
Q

action of pronator teres? (2)

A

FLEX elbow; pronation: rotate forearm medially so palmar side of paw faces ground

73
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of flexor carpi radialis

A

origin: medial epicondyle and medial border or radius
insertion: palmar side of M2 and M3
innervation: median nerve

74
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis?

A

flex carpal joints

75
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of superficial digital flexor

A

origin: medial epicondyle
insertion: proximal end of middle phalanges (except digit I)
innervation: median nerve

76
Q

action of superficial digital flexor?

A

flex carpal, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints

77
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

origin of ulnar head: caudal border and medial surface of olecranon
origin of humeral head: medical epicondyle
insertion: accessory carpal
innervation: ulnar nerve

78
Q

action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flex carpus

79
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of deep digital flexor

A

origin: medial epicondyle, caudal border of ulna, and medial border of radius
insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx of each digit
innervation: median and ulnar nerves (has an ulnar head!)

80
Q

action of deep digital flexor?

A

flex carpal, metacarpophalangeal, proximal, and distal interphalangeal joints of digits

81
Q

give origin, insertion, and innervation of pronator quadrus

A

origin: space between radius and ulna
insertion: surfaces of radius and ulna
innervation: median nerve

82
Q

action of pronator quadrus?

A

pronation of paw

83
Q

give the 4 muscles of the lateral scapula and shoulder, plus innervation and function

A
  1. deltoid: axillary nerve, flex shoulder
  2. teres minor: axillary nerve, flex shoulder
  3. infraspinatous: subscapular nerve, extend and flex shoulder
  4. supraspinatous: suprascapular nerve, extend shoulder
84
Q

give the 3 muscles of the medial scapula and shoulder, plus innervation and function

A
  1. subscapularis: subscapular nerve, extend shoulder
  2. teres major: axillary nerve, flex shoulder
  3. coracobrachialis: extend shoulder, musculocutaneous nerve
85
Q

give the 3 muscles of the caudal arm, plus innervation and function

A
  1. tensor fascia brachii: radial nerve, extend elbow
  2. triceps brachii: radial nerve, extend elbow
  3. anconeus: radial nerve, extend elbow
86
Q

give the 2 muscles of the cranial arm, plus innervation and function

A
  1. biceps brachii: musculocutaneous nerve, flex elbow
  2. brcahialis: musculocutaneous nerve, flex elbow
87
Q

give the 6 muscles of the cranial-lateral forearm, plus innervation and function

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis: radial nerve, extend carpus
  2. common digital extensor: radial nerve, extend digits
  3. lateral digital extensor: radial nerve, extend digits
  4. ulnaris lateralis: radial nerve, abducts carpus
  5. supinator: radial nerve, supination
  6. abductor digiti I longus: radial nerve, abduct digit I sesamoid
88
Q

give the 6 muscles of the caudal-medial forearm, plus innervation and function

A
  1. flexor carpi radialis: median nerve, flex carpal
  2. flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar nerve, flex carpals
  3. pronator quadrus: median nerve, pronation of paw
  4. pronator teres: median nerve, pronation of arm
  5. superficial digital flexor: median nerve and ulnar nerve (ulnar head), flex digits
  6. deep digital flexor: median nerve, flex digits
89
Q

give the 7 shoulder flexors plus innervation

A
  1. deltoideus: axillary
  2. teres minor: axillary
  3. teres major: axillary
  4. infraspinatus: subscapular
  5. long head of triceps: radial
  6. Latissimus dorsi: thoracodorsal
  7. Deep pectoral
90
Q

give the 5 shoulder extensors plus innervation

A
  1. supraspinatous: subscapular
  2. infraspinatous: subscapular
  3. subscapularis: subscapular
  4. corachobrachialis: musculocutaneous
  5. biceps brachii: musculocutaneous
91
Q

give the 4 elbow flexors plus innervation

A
  1. biceps brachii: musculocutaneous
  2. brachialis: musculocutaneous
  3. Pronator teres: median
  4. Supinator;: radial
92
Q

give the 6 elbow extensors plus innervation

A
  1. tensor fascia brachii: radial
  2. lateral head of tricep brachii: radial
  3. long head of triceps brachii: radial
  4. medial head of triceps brachii: radial
  5. accessory head of triceps brachii: radial
  6. aconeus: radial
93
Q

give the 4 carpal extensors plus innervation

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis: radial
  2. common digital extensor: radial
  3. lateral digital extensor: radial
  4. abductor digit I longus: radial
94
Q

give the 5 carpal flexors plus innervation:

A
  1. superficial digital flexor: median
  2. flexor carpi radialis: median
  3. deep digital flexor: median and ulnar
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar
  5. Ulnaris lateralis
95
Q

give the 2 digit extensors plus innervation

A
  1. common digital extensor: radial
  2. lateral digital extensor: radial
96
Q

is the pronator teres big enough to compensate for loss of other elbow flexors?

A

nope

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