Blood Vessels of the Forelimb Flashcards
what are the 4 branches of the axillary artery in all species?
- external thoracic artery
- lateral thoracic artery
- subscapular artery
- cranial circumflex humeral artery
what are the 2 branches of the subscapular artery, that branches from the axillary artery in all species?
- thoracodorsal
- caudal circumflex humeral
what are the 8 branches of the brachial artery in all species? (identify one that is just in canines
- bicipital
- collateral ulnar
- superficial brachial (dogs only)
- transverse cubital
- common interosseus
- median
- radial
- deep antebrachial
what is the branch from the superficial antebrachial artery in dogs called?
cranial superficial antebrachial
what are the 3 branches of the common interosseus artery?
- cranial interosseus
- caudal interosseus
- ulnar interosseus
what are 4 very distal additional branches of the brachial artery in dogs?
palmar arteries:
1. medial palmar
2. lateral palmar
palmar digital arteries
3. medial palmar digital
4. lateral palmar digital
what are 3 very distal additional branches of the brachial artery in bovines?
- common digital III artery
- common digital II artery
- common digital IV artery
how are most veins named and identified?
most are paired with arteries; so can name them when they run along the arteries with the same name
what are 3 UNPAIRED veins in the dog?
- cephalic vein
- axillobrachial
- omobrachial
what is the main blood supply for the forelimb of equines? what other artery is the one of the five terminal branches of?
the axillary; one of the 5 terminal branches of the subclavian artery
describe the location of the axillary artery in equines
enters the axillary space after crossing the cranial border of the first rib; then descends on the medial aspect of the arm and is referred to as the brachial artery in the brachium
what is the first major branch of the axillary artery in equines? describe location
the subscapular artery; runs along the caudal border of the scapula
what are the 3 branches of the subscapular artery in equines? describe location
- thoracodorsal artery: runs along thoracodorsal nerve on latissimus dorsi muscle
- caudal circumflex humeral: wraps caudally around the humerus
- cranial circumflex humeral artery: just distal to the shoulder joint; wraps cranially around the humerus
what do the circumflex humeral arteries do with each other in equines?
anastomose with eachother
what are the 4 branches of the brachial artery/continuation of axillary in brachium?
- deep brachial artery: pierces triceps, gives off
- collateral radial artery
- brachial artery gives off collateral ulnar artery; which runs caudally towards the olecranon and
- transverse cubital artery: runs cranially
when the brachial artery runs under the flexor carpi radialis muscle and runs into the antebrachium, what are the branches?
common interosseus artery: runs thru interosseus space to provide blood supply to extensors
when does the brachial artery get a name change to what?
as it runs down the caudal aspect of the forearm just above the carpus, brachial becomes median
what are the 3 branches of the median artery in equines?
- radial (smaller)
- palmar (smaller)
radial and palmar come together to form an arch and give off - medial metacarpal and
- lateral metacarpal arteries and
- lateral palmar artery
medial and palmar metacarpal arteries run very close to the palmar surfaces of the metacarpal bones
what is the main branch of the medial metacarpal artery in equines? function?
medial palmar artery; main blood supply for digit and hoof
what happens to the median artery at the fetlock?
splits into medial and lateral palmar digital arteries and runs on the abaxial surfaces of the proximal sesamoid; distal arteries below fetlock give off dorsal and palmar branches and supply blood to distal end of feet; palmar digital branches anastomose to form palmar terminal arch
what are the UNPAIRED veins of the equine forelimb? (2)
- cephalic
- accessory cephalic
compare axillary artery in equines to bovines
provides main blood supply to forelimb in both
describe branching of axillary artery in bovines in shoulder
subscapular artery at subscapular region; gives off several branches; including thoracodorsal
what are the branches of the brachial artery in bovines?
- deep brachial artery: near midshaft of humerus; disappears into triceps
- collateral ulnar artery: just proximal to elbow; courses toward olecranon process of ulna
describe branching of the brachial artery in the proximal and medial aspect of the antebrachial region of bovines
common interosseus artery: runs into interosseus space to provide blood supply to extensors
when brachial becomes median artery after the common interosseus in bovines, what is function of median and describe branching (4)
median artery is main artery that supplies blood to distal limbs;
1. enters metacarpus and runs medial to the flexor tendons
2. becomes superficial at the fetlock joint
3. runs on the palmar surface of the medial branches of the flexor tendons
4. runs into the interdigital spaces and is called the palmar common digital artery
what does the palmar common digital artery divide into in bovines?
divides further into two axial palmar digital arteries that run distally and go through the large foramen in PIII
what are the palmar abaxial digital arteries in bovines derived from? what do they do to become what?
derived from other arteries of the forearm; enter the PIII in its palmar surface on the abaxial surface; within PIII, axial and abaxial palmar digital arteries anastomose to form the terminal arch
what are the 3 unpaired veins of the bovine?
the cephalic, the accessory cephalic, and their tributaries
what are the 4 main branches of the axillary artery?
- external thoracic
- lateral thoracic
- subscapular
- cranial circumflex humeral
what are the 2 branches of the subscapular artery?
- thoracodorsal
- caudal circumflex humeral
what is the axillary artery called once it enters the brachial region?
brachial artery
what are the 5 branches of the brachial nerve?
- bicipital
- collateral ulnar
- superficial brachial (canine only)
- transverse
- common interosseus
what does the superficial brachial artery (only in dogs) branch into?
cranial superficial antebrachial
what is the brachial artery called after the common interosseus?
median artery
what are the 2 branches of the median artery?
- radial
- deep antebrachial
