forelimb Flashcards
superior, inferior, anterior, posterior
superior = dorsal
inferior = ventral
anterior = cranial = cephalic
posterior = caudal
internal vs external
internal = deep = away from body surface
external = superficial = towards body surface
proximal + distal
toward/away from main mass of body
visceral + parietal
related to internal organs
related to body walls
articular vs non-articular bone features
articular = form joints w corresponding articular areas other bones
non-articular = serve for attachment muscle, ligament, tendon, fascia
fascia
sheet CT covering all organs in bod to provide support
head
of bone
round, smooth, v convex articular projecting process
* on end long bones, e.g. humerus, femur
condyle
smooth, convex, protruding articular projection at extermities long bones
facet
small, smooth articular surface
* flat, concave or convex
epicondyle
small, roughened non-articular projection above condyle
* usually attachment site musc + ligaments
process
vague name for non-articulating prominence
trochanter
specialised term for few blunt projection tuberosities on femur
* non-articulating
tubercle + tuberosity
both rounded, roughened non-articular processes
* attachment pts for ligaments/tendons
* sometimes interchangeable but tubercle usually larger/more prominent
crest
prominent linear sharp border/ridge
* non-articular prominence
line
less prominent faint ridge - a baby crest
* non-articular prominence
spine
sharp, slender process/elongated thin shelf-like projection
* non-articular prominence
neck
constricted attachment bet articulating head + shaft of bone - non-articular
fovea
small non-articular pit-like depression
* provide area for passage bvs/soft tiss
fossa
large non-articular basin depression
* provide area for passage bvs/soft tiss
notch
non-articular depression - C/U shaped
* area for passage bvs/soft tiss
groove = sulcus
furrow-like opening to accomodate soft tiss structures (bvs, nerves, tendons)
* non-articular depression
acetabulum
smooth, deep, articular depression
trochlea
pulley-like articular structure
cochlea
articular surface reciprocal to trochlea