Foreign Turkish and Crimea 1682-1725

Question 1

What was Treaty of Poland?

Answer 1

(1686) In return for Polish land Russia paid Poland 146000 roubles to go to war with TUrks and Crimea
–> Russia joined Holy League = Austro-Polish-Veneitan alliance

Question 2

What were 1687 and 89 campaigns?

Answer 2

Invasions on Crimea

Question 3

Why did early invasion on Crimea led by Golitsyn fail?

Answer 3

Both: little assistance
First: supply systems inadequate for distance
Second: numbers of horse and men died thrist and disease

Question 4

What did Crimean faliure lead to?

Answer 4

sparked coup that removed GOlitsyn and Sophia making Peter sole ruler

Question 5

WHy did Peter launch major offense against TUrkish fortress of Azov?

Answer 5

Increase Russia prestige
Strengthen bargaining powers
check TUrkish raids itno Ukraine

Question 6

WHy did 1695 campaign fail?

Answer 6

failed to cut of Azov
–> Turks could supply and reinforce at will
Russian command divided
Technical incompetence = bomb killed own 130 soldiers

Question 7

Why was second campaign in 1696 more successful?

Answer 7

Foreign engineers hired
Massive flotilla of gallyes assembled at Don
Blockade sea and systematic siege forced Azov to surrender

Question 8

WHy was 1696 campaign limited in success?

Answer 8

Azov gave access only to sea of Azov
Exit to Balck sea guarded by Ottoman fortress

Question 9

Why did it seem priorities in south were more important that Sweden?

Answer 9

Black sea important outlet to Baltic
–> spent considerable time delveoping base at Tagarog to join rivers together

Question 10

WHy did the Holy league collapse in 1697?

Answer 10

Turks offered Austria separate peace
Signed at Karlowitz gave Russia truce but others got considerable territories

Question 11

Only when was Azov given up?

Answer 11

(1700) Treaty of COnstantinople

Question 12

WHy did Turks declare war in 1711?

Answer 12

Charles had encouraged
Turks irritated by Peters demads to had over Charles XII
Crimean khan, offered Tartar troops to escort Charles north
French diplomacy
loans by British bankers
Austrian nuetrality

Question 13

What was the Disaster of Pruth 1711?

Answer 13

Peter abandoned usual caution and allowed troops to outstip supply trains
Didnt get support of Balkan Christians
Forces outnumbered

Question 14

What happened on the river Pruth?

Answer 14

38000 Russians found themeselves trapped by 130000 Tartars and Turks

Question 15

What happened in the first Turkish assult?

Answer 15

shredded by Russian artillery that janisaries urged Turkish Grand Vizier to open negotiations
–> Peter didnt knwo how much they were affected and withdrew

Question 16

Outcome of firs Turkish assult

Answer 16

8000 Turk died
3000 RUssians
Russians encircled and short of supplies and ammunition
(12th Jult) Disaster averted when Turks offered moderate peace terms

Question 17

What were terms of treaty?

Answer 17

Azov and surroudnign territory to TUrks and fleet there to be burnt
Taganrog razed to ground
Peter stay out of internal polish affairs
Charles go home easily

Question 18

WHy was Peter relieved?

Answer 18

thought he would have to surrender all his Swedish conquets exept St.Petersburg

Question 19

Why did Turks let Russia off easily?

Answer 19

RUssian defences already hard to breach
serious discontent in Turkish army
Russian destryoed TUrks gunpowder store (short of ammunition)
Grand Vizier nothing to gain by restorning Charles xII provinces

Question 20

What was the formal Treaty by Turks in 1713?

Answer 20

Formal end to war
Peter had dones his best to avoind Pruth agreement (especially Azov)
Agreemetn repeated terms
TO keep southern territories, RUssians pay tribute to Crimean khan