Austria 1725-1762

Question 1

How did war with Austria begin in 1740?

Answer 1

Habsburg emperor died in 1740
left daughter Maria Theresa to succeed hereditary possessions
Major powers had signed in return for concession for hereditary possessions

Question 2

What happened as soon as Charles (emperor) died?

Answer 2

King of Prussia claimed and invaded Austrian province of SIlesia
France supported Prussia
Britian backedMaria Theresa
Russia could have helped

Question 3

What was ELizabeth’s court opinion over France?

Answer 3

Bestchev (foreign minister) = Russias real enemy
–> wanted alliance between Britian, Austria and Russia agaisnt France and Prussia
COurt: admired French political and miliary power

Question 4

What did Bestechev have to do in term of France?

Answer 4

Exploit ELizabeths only sentimental preference
(1742) Anglo-Russian Treaty
(1743) Austrian-Russian treaty
(1743) But had to accept Russo-Prussian treaty

Question 5

Why and when did Russia help MAria Theresa?

Answer 5

1746-7
French success in Netheralnds and Germany threatened European balance of power

Question 6

Why was Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle unsuccessful?

Answer 6

Russian columns took too long to move across Poland so allies made peace without them
Frederick II kept Silesia
Mutual resotarion conquests in EUrope, America and India
Russia took no part and gained nothing

Question 7

What was position of countires after Austria succession?

Answer 7

war was indescisive and powers reconsidered
Theresa disatissfied with Britian (naval power) and couldnt amke contributionto recovery of silesia
She wanted to joine forces with France who were alarmed with ries of Prussian power

Question 8

What was ELizabeths view after war of Austrian sucession?

Answer 8

Anti-prussian and pro-French
(Jan 1756) Joined Austria’s anti-prussian coalition
Axony joined
Frederick II only had Britain and Hanover

Question 9

What awas first event of Seven years war?

Answer 9

Frederick invaded and conquered Saxony (1756)
–> immdeiately attacked by Austria and Russia
–> French won + defeated Autrains (1757)

Question 10

What turned the tide in Seven years war?

Answer 10

Turned Prussian triumph to desperate fight for survival
Frederick could only hope Elizabeth would be sucessded by Peter (pro-prussian)

Question 11

What was Battle of Gross-Jagersdorf?

Answer 11

1757
Russian force overan East Prussia and won
ELizabeth expected to overrun all of Prussia but Apraxin withdrew

Question 12

WHy did Apraxin withdraw?

Answer 12

Short of supplies
Unwilling to invade if Peter came to thone

Question 13

WHat happened when ELizabeth did not die?

Answer 13

Apraxin dismissed and Bestuzhev charged with treason
Commander Fermor took over and continued attack

Question 14

What happened at battle of ZOrndorf?

Answer 14

(Aug 1758) Fermor won attack
taught Frederick courage and tenacity of Russia troops

Question 15

What happeend after Zorndorf?

Answer 15

Retired after though ELizabeth might die
He was dismissed and war went on

Question 16

WHo was Fermors successor and what did he do?

Answer 16

(1759) Saltykov joined hand with Austrian corps + Frederick on 12th Aug

Question 17

What happened at Kundersnorf wherethey met Frederick?

Answer 17

Frederick misread terrain and badly underestimated opponent
Saltykov anticipated F’s attempt to outflank through forest
Prussians faced with strongest part of RUssian army

Question 18

How did battle at Kundersnorf end?

Answer 18

Frederick launched cavalary cahrge
–> horsemen bogged down + slaughtered
–> half of prussian troops enaged were killed, wounded

Question 19

WHy did Frederick postpone and end to war?

Answer 19

allied differecnes over war aims and strategy
Austro-French fear of Russia

Question 20

What happened after Saltykov fell ill?

Answer 20

Rumiantsev was his replacement
He was aware of regime change in St.Petersburg

Question 21

How did war look like it was going to end?

Answer 21

(1761) Fredericks enemies closing in
Rumiantsev took great fortress of Kolberg
Britian withdrew subsidies to Frederick

Question 22

What saved Frederick from anhilation?

Answer 22

Elizabeth died 5th Jan 1762

Question 23

WHat did Peter III do once he came into power?

Answer 23

Withdrew from war and turned attention to conflict with Denamrk

Question 24

What whas Maria Theresa left to do?

Answer 24

Forced to accept Treaty of Huberusburg
Prussia reatiend silesia

Question 25

WHat was Peace of Paris?

Answer 25

(Feb 1763) Gave Britian collonial gains at expense of France and Spain

Question 26

What did Russia gain out of 7 years war?

Answer 26

Notthing territorial
Military perforamce won fear and respect of major powers
Dominant force in Eastern Europe