foreign policy use of c.1 2 Flashcards
ordinary revenue=
kings expected to live of their own funds-hosuehold/gov/court
ordnary revenues crown had in the 1600- rents from crown lands
after dissolution of monasteries (under Henry viii)the crown and quirked large amount of land from church- rented to provide reg income
ordnary revenues crown had in the 1600-feudal dues- warships/purveyance
warships-state inherited by minor, the crown had right to collect profits until minor came adult
purveyance-king purchase goods(food) at reduce prices - reduce compensation.
ordnary revenues crown had in the 1600-custom duties
tonnage and pundage- all recent monarchs automatically granted this for life
process by which kings could gain exrtodianry revenue(times of emergency)
pp and the right to approve/veto taxation and order for crown to secure right to tax it need to cal upon palriemnt. seen in war forced loan. mps could grant subsides which specifies the amount of tax allowedmt collect region 70k
financial crisis 1600
crown spending nc, income dec- crown debt inc
inflation:
raised cost of living=gov more expensive, custom dude snot inc with inflation=crown income not inc at same rate expedenture, rents collected from crown lands not keeping up with costs
financial crisis 1600
crown spending nc, income dec- crown debt inc:
the sale of crown lands
short term means of raising funds(j1./e.1)long term lost out on rent from lands they sold
financial crisis 1600
crown spending nc, income dec- crown debt inc
j/.1 extravagant spending
shower gifts on members of autocracy in order to buy loyalty
financial crisis 1600
crown spending nc, income dec- crown debt inc
inc resistance form
gentry to warships and purveyance
financial crisis 1600
crown spending nc, income dec- crown debt inc- worked to advantage of palriemnt
crown more likely to rely on extroindary renege so mps took more radicle stance until grieves met eg Buckingham
issue of finance:mansfeild expedition cause resentment with mps financially
failure of dob-missaporotioaion of funds-dint even make it to palatine. with dob remeiaing lord admairal- mp reluctant offer funding. so spend parliament demanding funs for war Spain- unusual for monarch to allow mp discuss griveneces/present to the crown before matter of finance raised. fell out over finance. offers 2subsided not 1m
issue of finace- Cadiz expedition
Charles forced to rely on the queens dowry 120k. borrowed 70 from international finances, raised 58k pawning surplus jewels in Amsterdam. unable to secure 4 subsides due to prevent impeachment of buckingam/Richard montage- failed to address greienves
arbitrary rule 1626/7-fund war with Spain: continued collection t+p
c.1 only granted 1 y Charles regarded it as ordnary revenue so continued to collected it despite disolvment of palriemnt
arbitrary rule 1626/7-fund war with Spain:beliteing of soldiers
king demands tools looked after fed at expense of household- those civilians household who refused subject to marital law
arbitrary rule 1626/7-fund war with Spain:ship money
a one-off tax raised in costal orders-time son emergency to fund navy
arbitrary rule 1626/7-fund war with Spain:forced loan
imposed loans on wealthy subjects
forced loan 1626
letter to jp asking for ‘benovalance’- war argument allowed him to use prerogative powers+loyalty
opposition- lord lutient+local jp had to persuade people to pay
-local gentry/jp who refused to act as commissioners for the loan removed from office
-non payers summons t local jp
=better of nonpayer imprisned
-
in total 270k brought in, 30% gentry refused to pay, generated ill will
american laud replaced George bat further extending grip of arminians in coe.
politkcllay disastrous:short term solution=long term grievance.
the five knight case 1627- who decided to seek habeas corpus and why?
sir tomas Darnell/john corbertt/edmund/sir Walter earl. prisoner brought before court to determine impisoment lawfully and can be released(didn’t pay the force loan)- safeguarding individual freedom crucial to aribitayr power. those imprinted by c.1 wasn’t charged with any offence
the knights lawyers
John seiden represnting Edmund- used mostly medieval percents to argue detention illegal eg 39 magna Carter argue againt force full imprisoment (no one seized/imprisomed/excile/ruin/outlaw)
for the king - the 5 knights + result
attorney Robert heath used precedents to argue king power of discretionary arrest refers to previous decision of king bench 1529. to which lord chief justice accepted crown argument and court agreed the king had right to imprison non payers as emergency measure- prerogative powers
5 knights and 3rd parliament
all those improsioned for not paying the loan was related in 1628- Smoot things over- 27 was elected as MP’s ‘cross as wasps’ forced loans nd imprisoment w/o trial was burning issue son 3rd p- main grienevence.
