foreign policy + indiv 2

Question 1

england continetal wars

Answer 1

england on a island-effective army costly to assembly to continent.
the eng navy took pritority mainataining due to eng first line of deffecne/attack which meant army negelcted
charles allied with netherlands/denmark- send 30k a month

Question 2

30years war(protv cath)

Answer 2

started with open window 3 catholics being thrown out. eng feautured every now and then and then due to geogriphacal correlations/military differences so hard for them to join

Question 3

in early 17th c eng made series of disastorus expeditons

Answer 3

fruitless excursions aswell as futile voyages which gratley cost the country financially and politcially blunder after blunder.

Question 4

blunder 1:tacticall error-the madrid escape 1623

Answer 4

propose marirge between charles and maria dunne of spain-j.1 wanted to be peace maker of europe(extremely unpopular with hosue fo commons as cath+prot marrige)

Question 5

bludner 1: allaince was to go ahead but certain conditons had to be met-
+CHANGE

Answer 5

spain-not involve with ireland insurections agsint royal rule
eng-stop privaterring in spanish americna water
a dowry of 500k granted.
however marrige treaty change: charles could only marry if reacnoucned anti cath penal laws.

Question 6

blunder 2:the french marrige treaty 1624 henrettia maria

Answer 6

more popular with the english-anti hapsberg military allaince-negotions were promising-buckingham willing to make concessions.

Question 7

french marrige treaty signed that

Answer 7

henrettia maria -children/servents permitted to practice religon freely
childreen educated as catholics
catholics granted tolerance and penal laws/recusansy relaxed- add to prot fears/anger parleiment

Question 8

blunder 3: war with spain 1624-30

Answer 8

parliemnt 1624 funds to go war with spain-140k, 500k spent of prep navy for war however still insfienctly prepared- mansfiield epxedition1624/5, cadiz expediitn 1625

Question 9

mansifeld expedition

Answer 9

3k french calvary, 12k eng soilders set of to palatine
louis xIII refucsed to land at calais due to fear of spanish reprocusions
docked at united provinences instead but severly lacked provisional for later troops -disease was rife 600/12k reutrn

Question 10

cadiz expedition:

Answer 10

organised by buckhingajm- fleet set sail for cadiz but cadiz prepared - eng couldnt get into the town so eng captured fort outside town. no food/drink- found wine- so drunk fired upon eachother or left behdin when spanish troops arrived. humilaitaion-buckingam balme/parliemnt furious . the next expediton didnt even make it to spainsih coastline due to weather

Question 11

blunder 4: declidning relations with france 1625-6-

Answer 11

maria permitted to bring ctaholic retinue with her-distace eg french inflcuece church/catholic preists) asdked to leave 1526. treaty-penal laws supposed to be relaxed but made stricter eg fines due to pressure from palriemnt

Question 12

further deteriating relations eng/france
embarsement from eng who suported french agsint huguenots

Answer 12

louis x111 required a loan of eng ships to squash uprising in la rochelle. the english (prot) supplied ships to french(ctaholic)to destroy huguenots(french prot). in hopes they would help him/turn attentions towards hapsburg and assit eng)
ANGLO FRENCH WAR

Question 13

BLUNDER 5: war with france

Answer 13

spain and fracne conlcuded their war in intaly, france focused mor eon trading prots in new world(bad for eng). charles+buck schemed to get rid of minister by helping enemies.

Question 14

la rochelle expedition 1627

Answer 14

june 1627- 100 ships led by bukchinham attempted to incite rebellion
la rochelle initially refused to be ally but did in septemebr. english turned attention to saint maritn de re
whole expedition turned into bigger farce than cadiz/mansfield. their scalling ladders 5feet too short to scale the walls = fialed to achieve anuthing/forced t retreta

Question 15

conclsuion of wars

Answer 15

all these wars dmeonstarted eng adminsitration not capable to sustain war efort . charles forced to sue for peace(lack miliatry sucess/principle advisor dead)
treaty f susa-eng/france- agree eahc side not interfere with eachother affairs
treaty madrid-eng agreed to work for peace with spain/dutch whilst spain would help restore fredrick to palatine

Question 16

start of reign was compounded by bungled military expeditions at appalling expense

Answer 16

money being granted to expeditions with no return of them. insuffienct funds had inevitable effect on success of foreign enterprises.

Question 17

royal finance:

Answer 17

monarch usually pay for upkeep of won household, court and gov from private income = ordinary revenue.

Question 18

royal finance difficult

Answer 18

to keep up with due to cost of gov/inflation. mad monarch reliant on subsides which only voted by parleimnt

Question 19

order:

Answer 19

king called parleimennt for money
paliment expect explanation
parliament holding granting until grievances adressed
dilemma with royal prerogative v pp

Question 20

implication for crown finance: 1st palriemtn 1625: due to amount of money foreign policy costing=

Answer 20

royal offers exhausted like palriemnt patience.

Question 21

implication for crown finance: 1st palriemtn 1625: palriemnt only granted t+p

Answer 21

it wa usually lifelong and c.1 expect 1m but only got 140k- 2 subsides. Charles continued to call at custom duties without pp- forced loan.

Question 22

implication for crown finance: 1st palriemtn 1625- still left short for money after force loan

Answer 22

had to rely on queens dowry for Cadiz expeditions (120k)- already 1m in debt when came to throne

Question 23

implication for crown finance: 2nd palriemtn 1626: called upon due to

Answer 23

to call for more funds (war against Spain)- to which focus turned to buck impeachment due to misaporopate state funds. = to keep his fav advisor forced to dissolve 1/2nd without granted permission

Question 24

implications for crown: c.1

Answer 24

looking to be incompetent to military failures on continent. abuse of royal power with tax and emergence measures= question relation with palriemnt

Question 25

implications for crown : Buckingham

Answer 25

as high lord admiral- was incompetent leader as wasted huge sums of money ad deteriorated diplomatic relations with much needed foreign countries.

Question 26

implications for crown : Buckingham called to be impeached several occasions

Answer 26

main reason 1/2nd pearleimtn dissolved. of the men that served buckahm 50k , 1/3 died during expeditions