Forearm- blood supply

Question 1

Borders of the cubital fossa

Answer 1

side to side: brachioradialis, pronator teres
Floor: brachialis, supinator
Superficially - antebrachial fascia, bicipital aponeurosis

Question 2

Contents of the antebrachial fossa

Answer 2

Radial Nerve
tendon of biceps brachii
radial artery
Ulnar artery
brachial artery
median nerve

Question 3

Radial artery branches

Answer 3

radial recurrent
palmar carpal
dorsal carpal

Question 4

ulnar artery branches

Answer 4

Posterioir ulnar recurrent
Anterior ulnar recurrent
Common interosseous
Anterior interosseous
Posterior interosseous
Recurrent interosseous
Palmar carpal branch
Dorsal carpal branch

Question 5

Periarticular arterial anastamosis

Answer 5

Brachial –> superior ulnar collateral, inferior ulnar collateral
Ulnar art–> posterior ulnar recurrent, anterior ulnar recurrent
Profunda brachii–> middle collateral,
Radial art–> radial recurrent, radial collateral

Question 6

Anatomical variations: large median artery

Answer 6

A large median artery is an anatomical variant found in some individuals, where a persistent artery runs alongside the median nerve in one or both forearms and through the carpal tunnel
• Individuals are at risk from heavy bleeding from deep cuts to the wrist

Question 7

Anatomical variations: brachioradial artery

Answer 7

Radial orgin point higher than cubital fossa

Question 8

Anatomical variation: superficial radial artery

Answer 8

Crosses anatomical snuffbox superficially to the tendons rather than along the floor of the snuffbox

Question 9

Anatomical variation: superficial brachioulnar artery

Answer 9

an ulnar artery that has an origin-proximal to the cubital fossa
Most commonly on the upper third of the brachial artery or the axillary artery
In the forearm, it travels a more superficial course than the normal ulnar artery, coursing superficial to the flexor muscle. Then resumes usual course of ulnar artery around middle third of forearm

Question 10

Anatomical variation: superficial palmar arch

Answer 10

Complete arch is seen in 42% of cases and is classified as: o Radioulnar (normal)
o Medioulnar (composed of median and ulnar arteries)
o Radiomedioulnar (composed of ulnar, median and radial artery)
• Incomplete arch is seen in 58% of all cases where the common digital arteries arise from ulnar, median or radial
components
o Incomplete arches put digits at risk in situations of arterial injuries and may compromise the viability of the
digit
o Incomplete arches must be kept in mind when sacrificing a major vessel for reconstruction

Question 11

Anatomical variations of nerves

Answer 11

Radial nerve (superficial branch of the radial nerve) can remain superficial to the brachioradialis muscle during its path,
confusing itself with the medial or lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves
Radial nerve can have anastomosis with the ulnar nerve, bilaterally, or only on one side
Ulnar nerve can have anatomical variant path and with anastomosis with the radial and median nerve