Forces of Evolution

Question 1

Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations

Change in the gene pool of populations over time

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Evolutionary Forces (4)

Answer 2

Genetic drift
Gene flow
Mutation
Natural selection

Question 3

Heritable factor that can control a specific characteristic

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Specific forms of a gene differing by one or a few bases and occupying the same gene locus

Answer 4

Alleles

Question 5

The whole of the genetic information of an organism found in the nucleus of eukaryotes

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

GENE VS DNA

Answer 6

Gene
- sequence of DNA that codes for a molecule that has a function
-Transmission of gene is basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits

DNA
-Molecule composed of two chains which coil around each other to carry genetic instructions

Question 7

Collection of genes within a population

Answer 7

Gene pool

Question 8

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 8

Genotype
-the alleles
Phenotype
-the trait

Question 9

Provides a framework for understanding how populations evolve

Frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences

Answer 9

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Question 10

5 conditions for genotypic frequencies to stay the same

Answer 10

Very large population: no genetic drift
No emigration or immigration: no gene flow
No mutations: no new alleles added to gene pool
Random mating: no sexual selection
No natural selection: all traits aid equally in survival

Question 11

Changes to allele frequencies within a population due to chance alone

Small populations are hugely affected

Answer 11

Genetic drift

Question 12

Sudeen sharp decline in population’s size.

Happened to Southern Elephant seal

Answer 12

Bottleneck effect

Question 13

Newly found populations don’t always represent the genetic diversity in their sources.

Answer 13

Founder effect

Question 14

The transfer of genes from the gene pool of one population to another

Change the allele or gene frequencies in the population

Maintains variation and yet may reduce variation between populations

Answer 14

Gene flow

Question 15

Permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism

The only original source of allele changes

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

Effects of germ line mutations (3)

Answer 16

No change occurs in phenotype because mutation occurs in a part of DNA with no function, noncoding region

Small change occurs like in scottish fold cats

Some important phenotypic changes happen like DDT resistance in insects

Question 17

The process in which RNA codons are decoded into amino acids

Answer 17

Translations

Question 18

Types of Aneuploidy

Answer 18

Hyperploidy
Trisomy (2n+1) Double Trisomy (2n+1+1) Tetrasomy (2n+2)

Hypoploidy
Monosomy (2n-1) Double monosomy (2n-1-1) Nullisomy (2n-2)

Question 19

Do all kinds of mutation matter in evolution?

Answer 19

Somatic mutations cannot be inherited

Germline mutations are present in egg or sperm and can be inherited

Question 20

Process by which population become adapted to their environments

Organisms that are better adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Answer 20

Natural Selection

Question 21

Most species profuce far more offspring than will survive

It is seen in Malthus’ basic theory with the point of crisis

Answer 21

Overproduction

Question 22

Animals that camouflage to look like leaves

Snake that mimics poisonous coral snakes

Answer 22

Katydids

King snake

Question 23

Struggle for existence: caused by limited resources

Answer 23

Competition

Question 24

Members of a population show individual differences, must be inheritable

Answer 24

Variation

Question 25

Individuals prefer mates with certain characteristics

Answer 25

Nonrandom mating

Question 26

Individual preference to mate with partners that are phenotypically similar

Answer 26

Positive assortative mating