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FORCES Flashcards

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0
Q

Who was the first person to suggest that forces follow certain rules?

A

Sir Isaac Newton

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1
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull on an object

Everything you do uses forces. You can’t see them but you can often see the effect they have.

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2
Q

What are Newton’s Laws of Motion

A

He suggested that forces can:

  1. Change the shape or size of an object
  2. Make things go faster or slower
  3. Change the direction in which something is moving
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3
Q

What happens when you are lifting an object?

A

You are lifting it against a force

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4
Q

What is the object’s force?

A

It’s weight which pulls it down

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5
Q

What does weight mean?

A

How heavy something is

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6
Q

Weight is a force that pulls things in which direction?

A

Downwards

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7
Q

Define weight

A

The force of gravity on an object

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8
Q

Heavy objects are pulled down with…

A

A bigger force than lighter objects

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9
Q

What do we measure weight and all other forces in?

A

Newtons

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10
Q

What is gravity?

A

The force that pulls everything towards the centre of the Earth

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11
Q

Describe the Moon’s gravity

A

Also pulls things towards it centre but is weaker than the Earth’s by about 1/6

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12
Q

Define BALANCED FORCES

A

When 2 forces are the same strength, but working in opposite directions

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13
Q

Define GRAVITY

A

The force of attraction between any two objects.

The Earth is very big and so has a very large gravity pulling everything down towards it.

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14
Q

Define MASS - 3 points

A
  1. The amount of matter that something is made of.
  2. It is measured in grams or kilograms.
  3. Mass does not change if you go into space or another planet.
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15
Q

Define NEWTON

A

The unit of force (N)

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16
Q

Define UNBALANCED FORCES

A

When 2 forces working in opposite directions are not the same strength.

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17
Q

Define WEIGHT - 2 points

A
  1. The amount of force with which gravity pulls something towards the Earth.
  2. It is measured in Newtons (N)
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18
Q

Define STATIONARY

A

Not moving

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19
Q

What does mass tell us?

A

About the amount of matter that something contains

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20
Q

How do you calculate the weight of an object on the moon? - 2 points

A

You divide its weight on Earth by 6

1kg weights about 1.5N on the Moon

21
Q

What effect does balanced force have in the movement of an object?

A

There is NO change in movement

22
Q

What effect does unbalanced forces have in the movement of an object?

A

Change the speed AND/OR
The direction of moving objects
Think of a see-saw

23
Q

When the forces are balanced…

A

The object is not moving

24
Q

If the upthrust (or push up) of the air is equal to the force of gravity pulling down a balloon what happens?

A

The balloon remains suspended in the air.

25
Q

If a strong wind starts blowing from behind a boat, what effect does this have on how the boat moves?

A

The wind propels the boat forward

26
Q

If after a short time, the force of the wind is still acting, the boat moves at a steady speed, why is this?

A

The water resistance starts to slow the boat down, but the wind is still pushing the boat

27
Q

The force on an object are unbalanced when…

A

One of the forces is bigger than the other

28
Q

How is the size of force shown on a drawing?

A

By the length of an arrow, the longer the arrow means the greater the force

29
Q

How would you investigate floating and sinking?

A

Give a rough explanation of the investigation you would undertake

30
Q

What is the general rule for all things that float?

A

The lighter they are, the more they float and vice-versa

31
Q

How does water affect the way in which something floats or sinks?

A

The upthrust

32
Q

What is the effect of a bigger force on a spring?

A

The bigger the force, the longer it stretches which means it can be used as a force measurer

33
Q

Give 2 reasons why a spring is a good force measurer

A
  1. It stretches evenly

2. It ‘jumps back’ to its original length when the force is taken away which means it can be used over and over again

34
Q

What is the name given to the force measurers?

A

Spring balances

35
Q

Describe a spring balance - 4 points

A
  1. Have springs inside them
  2. Each spring has a pointer fixed to it
  3. When force is put on the hook, the spring stretches and the pointer moves over a scale on the balance
  4. When the pointer stops you can read off the size of the force for the scale
36
Q

Roughly what will 1 Newton weigh the same as?

A

A medium-sized apple

37
Q

What is a spring balance named whose scale is marked in Newtons?

A

A Newton Balance

38
Q

Why do things seems to weigh less in water than air?

A

Because the water pushes up on the object

39
Q

What does floating depend on?

A

Volume as well as mass

40
Q

Why do ships float?

A

The metal is wrapped around lots of air in the cabins and so it has a huge volume

41
Q

What happens when a ship sits on water?

A

It pushes some of the water out of the way - this is called DISPLACEMENT

42
Q

What does the water want to do when it is DISPLACED by the ship?

A

It wants to get back to where it was so it PUSHES on the ship.
If it is a push it must be a force.
This force is called an UPTHRUST.

43
Q

The mass of water displace by a ship must be what?

A

Equal to or more than the MASS of the ship if it is to float.
Therefore, ships need a huge volume so they can displace a lot of water.

44
Q

Describe what happens when a ship is lowered into water - 4 points

A
  1. It pushes more and more water aside
  2. The UPTHRUST gets stronger and stronger
  3. Eventually, the weight of the ship = the weight of the water pushed aside (the UPTHRUST)
  4. The ship floats
45
Q

What is a hydrometer?

A

A device for comparing the UPTHRUST of different liquids - describe how you would make one and be able to draw an accurate diagram

46
Q

Who was Samuel Plimsoll?

A

A Member of Parliament from Derby who responded to the concerns of ships lost at sea during the Industrial Revolution and demanded that ships operate within safety limits determined by a ‘LOAD LINE’ on the ship’s hull. This line is called the PLIMSOLL LINE.

47
Q

What do the following letters mean? TF, F, T, S, W, WNA

A 
TF = Tropical fresh water
F = Fresh water
T = Tropical salt water
S = Salt water in summer
W = Salt water in winter
WNA = Winter North Atlantic
48
Q

Give two examples of ‘useful’ friction

A
  1. Walking - between shoe and ground

2. Writing - between hand and pencil

49
Q

Problems with friction - name 4

A
  1. Makes movement difficult - anytime you want to move an object, friction can make the job more difficult
  2. Wastes energy - eg in a car, excess friction means extra fuel needs to be used
  3. Heats parts - energy that is ‘lost’ to friction in trying to move an object is really turned to heat energy by rubbing parts
  4. Wears things out - lubrication is used to prevent them from wearing things out as well as make them move easily
50
Q

What is the relationship between mass and fiction?

A

The bigger the mass, the greater the friction

SCIENCE (19 decks)

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