Foramens and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
CN XII
Hypoglossal Nerve
Which CN is affected in case of tumor of nerve leading to progressive unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus
CN VIII
Which CN is affected in case of brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck causing loss of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue and loss of sensation on affected side of soft palate
CN IX
CN VI
Abducent Nerve
Stylomastoid foramen contains what nerve?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
The Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI) passes through what structure?
Jugular Foramen
The foramen magnum has what passing thru it?
Spinal cord
____ contains middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3
Foramen spinosum
_____ contains medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI, dural veins, and anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Foramen magnum
What cranial nerve is used in sensation around the eye?
CN V
Which CN is affected in case of laceration or contusion in parotid region leading to paralysis of facial muscles, eye remains open, angle of mouth droops, and forehead doesn’t wrinkle; in case of fracture of temporal bone leading to laceration or contusion in parotid region leading to paralysis of facial muscles, eye remains open, angle of mouth droops, and forehead doesn’t wrinkle along with associated involvement of cochlear nerve and chorda tympani, dry cornea, and loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue; and in case of intracranial hematoma (stroke) causing forehead wrinkles because of bilateral innervation of frontalis muscle, otherwise paralysis of contralateral facial muscles
CN VII
____ contains CN IX, X, XI; superior bulb of internal jugular vein; inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses; and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries
Jugular foramen
Cranial nerve (motor): ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae, all extrinsic muscles of eye except those listed from CN IV and VI
Oculomotor (CN III)
Which CN is affected in case of stretching of nerve during its course around brainstem or fracture of orbit leading to inability to look down when eye is adducted
CN IV
The facial Nerve (CN VII) passes through what structure?
Stylomastoid foramen and Internal accoustic meatus
What passes thru the jugular foramen?
CN IX, X, XI and jugular vein/artery
Which CN is affected in case of direct trauma to orbit or eyeball/ fracture involving optic canal leading to loss of pupillary constriction or pressure on optic pathway, laceration or intracerebral clot in temporal, parietal or occipital lobes of brain causing visual field defects?
CN II
Cranial Nerve (motor): submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands; (Sensory): taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, soft palate
Facial (CN VII) intermediate nerve
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
CN X
Vagus Nerve
____ contains deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins
Foramen lacerum
Which CN is affected in case of injury to terminal branches (particularly CN V2) in roof of maxillary sinus; pathological processes affecting trigeminal ganglion leading to loss of pain and touch sensations; paraesthesia; masseter and temporalis muscles do not contract; deviation of mandible to side of lesion when mouth is opened
CN V
____ contains the nasal emissary vein in some people
Foramen cecum
CN III
Oculomotor Nerver
____ contain optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries
Optic canals
Cranial Nerve (sensory): equilibrium, motion, and hearing
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
The Oculomotor nerve (CN III) passes through what structure?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Landmark found at superior point of neurocranium, in middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane (Frankfurt horizontal plane)
Vertex
The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) passes through what structure?
Internal Accoustic Meatus `
Cranial Nerve (sensory): vision
Optic (CN II)
What are the three segments of the trigeminal nerve?
V1: Opthalmic nerve
V2: Maxillary Nerve
V3: Mandibular Nerve
____ contains mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery
Mastoid foramen
What foramen does the carotid run over?
Foramen lacerum
Landmark found at point on calvaria at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures
Bregma
Cranial nerve (sensory): face, oral, nasal, and sinus mucosa; teeth; anterior 2/3 of tongue; (motor): muscles of mastication and 4 other muscles
Trigeminal (CN V)
The Vagus Nerve (CN X) passes through what structure?
Jugular formen
____ contains mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery
Foramen ovale
Which CN is affected in case of laceration of neck causing paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and descending fibers of trapezius and drooping of shoulder
CN XI
Which CN is affected in case of base of brain or fracture involving cavernous sinus or orbit leading to eye falls to move laterally; diplopia on lateral gaze
CN VI
Which CN is affected in case of pressure from herniating uncus on nerve, fracture involving cavernous sinus, and aneurysms leading to dilated pupil, ptosis, eye turns down and out, pupillary reflex on side of lesion will be lost
CN III
Cranial Nerve (motor): stylopharyngeus, parotid gland; (sensory): taste of posterior 1/3 of tongue; general sensation: pharynx, tonsillar sinus, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
The trigeminal Nerve (CN V) passes through what structures?
V1: Superior Orbital Fissure
V2: Foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale and or foramen spinosum
Olfactory Nerves pass through what structures:
Cribiform Foramina
Stylomastoid foramen has what passing thru it?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Landmark that is most prominent point of external occipital protuberance
Inion
The optic nerve (CN II) passes through what structure?
optic canal
Landmark found at junction of the parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, and lambdoid suture; star-shaped
Asterion
______ contains an emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck
Condylar canal
Which CN is affected in case of neck laceration or factures of cranial tissue causing protruded tongue deviating toward affected side and moderate dysarthria (disturbance of articulation)
CN XII
CN I
olfactory Nerve
Condylar foramen and mastoid foramen have what passing thru them?
Emissary veins
____ contains maxillary nerve (CN V2)
Foramen rotundum
Cranial Nerve (motor): sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Point on cranium where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet
Nasion
The Trochlear nerve (CN IV) passes through what structure?
Superior Orbital Fissure
____ contains ophthalmic veins, nerve (CN V1); CN III, IV, and VI; also sympathetic fibers
Superior orbital fissure
Cranial nerve (motor): superior oblique muscle of eye
Trochlear (CN IV)
Which CN is affected in case of brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck causing sagging of soft palate, deviation of uvula to normal side, and hoarseness owing to paralysis of vocal cord
CN X
Landmark found at point on calvaria at junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
Lambda
Cranial Nerve (motor): muscles of facial expression and 3 other muscles
Facial (CN VII) primary root
T/F: Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina contain vessels and nerves with same names
True
Foramen ovale has what structure passing thru it?
3rd division of trigeminal
_____ contains CN XII
Hypoglossal canal
Which CN is affected in case of fracture of cribriform plate leading to anosmia (loss of smell) or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
CN I
Cranial nerve (motor): lateral rectus muscle of eye
Abducent (CN VI)
Cranial nerve (motor): all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (excluding palatoglossus - palatine muscle)
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
The pterygoid plates are part of the ____ bone?
Sphenoid bone
CN VII
Facial Nerve
The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) passes through what structure?
hypoglossal canal
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Cranial Nerve (sensory): smell
Olfactory (CN I)
Landmark found at junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal , and parietal bones; overlies course of anterior division of middle meningeal artery
Pterion
What 3 cranial nerves work together to move the eyeball?
CN III, IV, and VI
CN V
Trigeminal Nerve
The Abducent Nerve (CN VI) passes through what structure?
Superior Orbital Fissure
CN II
Optic Nerve
Cranial Nerve (motor): palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure; (Sensory): pharynx, larynx; reflex sensory from tracheobronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure
Vagus (CN X)
The glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) passes through what structure?
Jugular foramen
Foramen spinosum has what structure passing thru it?
Middle meningeal artery
_____ contains greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of meningeal artery
Groove/hiatus of greater petrosal nerve
Landmark found on frontal bones superior to root of nose; smooth prominence most marked in males; most anterior projecting part of forehead
Glabella
CN XI
spinal accessory Nerve
AKA Intermediate Nerve
CN IV
Trochlear Nerve
____ contains axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves
Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate