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Specific Systems II > Foot and Ankle Review > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Review Flashcards

1
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

_____% of bones in the body are in the feet

A

25

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2
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

150lb person walking 1 mile exerts ____ tons (127,000 lbs) on each foot!

A

~63-1/2

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3
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

The normal foot…

A
  • Functions normally during a reasonable number of activities
  • Relatively pain-free
  • No structural deformity
  • No history of significant trauma or surgery
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4
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

rearfoot is made of

A

talus and calcaneus

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5
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the main job of the rearfoot (talus and calcaneus)?

A
  • inversion and eversion.
  • IR and ER of the tibia controls where the talus goes
  • torque converter: converts IR and ER of tibia to inversion and eversion of the rearfoot
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6
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the function of the midfoot

A

converts the foot into a more rigid or flexible structure

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7
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

what are the bones of the midfoot

A

navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms

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8
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the function of the forefoot

A

adaptability

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9
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

bones of the forefoot

A

metatarsals and phanlanges

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10
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the lateral column of the foot follows

A

where the cuboid is

calcaneus, cuboid and 4th and 5th metatarsal

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11
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the medial column is made of

A

talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1-3 metatarsals and 1-3 phalanges

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12
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

vestigial cleft

A

space between the 3rd and 4rd metatarsal that used to be used for grasping

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13
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

excess motion between 3rd and 4th metatarsal may create shear forces on the nerve bundle → cause inflammation

A

Morton’s Neuroma

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14
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

function of the arches

A

absorb shock and support

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15
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

arches of the foot

A
  • medial and lateral longitudinal
  • transverse
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16
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

plantar surface faces TOWARD midline

A

Inversion or VARUS:

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17
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

plantar surface faces AWAY from midline

A

Eversion or VALGUS:

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18
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

articulation between inferior talus with superior calcaneus

A

subtalar joint

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19
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

metatarsalgia

A

pain in the ball of the foot

20
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

motion of the foot in the frontal plane

A
  • Named by plantar surface:
  • Inversion or VARUS: plantar surface faces TOWARD midline
  • Eversion or VALGUS: plantar surface faces AWAY from midline
21
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

motion of the foot in the transverse plane plane

A

abduction and adduction

22
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

motions of the subtalar joint
axis?

A
  • pronation and supination
  • 42 degrees from horizontal
  • 16 medially
  • NOTE: the axis is variable and it moves with pronation/supination
23
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

how many joints, bones, and ligaments in the foot

A
  • 33 joints
  • ~100 ligaments
  • 26 bones (and 2 sesamoids)
24
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

subtalar joint pronation in OKC

A

calcaneus abduction, DF, eversion

25
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

subtalar supination in OKC

A

calcaneus PF, adduction, inversion

26
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

subtalar joint pronation in CKC

A
  • PF and adduction of the talus
  • Eversion of calcaneus
  • IR tibia
  • knee flexion
27
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

subtalar joint supination in CKC

A
  • talus DF, abduction
  • calcaneus inversion
  • tibia ER
  • knee extension
28
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

in CKC, knee extension will occur with

A

ER of the tibia, inversion of calcaneus, and DF and ABD of talus

29
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

on CKC, knee flexion will occur with

A

IR of the tibia, eversion of the calcaneus, and PF and ADD of talus

30
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the midtarsal (Chopart’s or transverse) joint is comprised of

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

31
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

motion produced at the midtarsal joint

A

pronation and supination

32
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the Longitudinal Midtarasal Joint Axis allow for movement in the

A

frontal plane

33
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

role of the midtarsal joint in OKC

A

moves in the same direction as the subtalar joint

34
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

role of MTJ in CKC

A

attempts to compensate for the rearfoot position (due to STJ motion) in order to keep FF on ground

35
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

with CKC subtalar joint PRONATION, the midtarsal joint…

A

SUPINATION

36
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

with CKC subtalar joint SUPINATION, the midtarsal joint…

37
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the position of stability of the MTJ

A

pronation: bony lock and PostTib and Peroneus Longus/Brevis

38
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the position of stability of the subtalar joint?

A

Supination, but the MTJ is pronated

39
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the forefoot twist during gait to

A
  • maintain plantar surface contact with the ground during gait to compensate for rearfoot motion
  • motions occurs firts at MTJ
40
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the first ray is made up of

A

Med cuneiform, 1st met, prox and distal phalanx

41
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

the joint for the 1st ray is the

A

cuneonavicular joint

42
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

first ray DF _______ the medial arch

A

lowers

because the navicular is moving inferiorly relative to 1st cuneiform

43
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

true or false: 1st MTP and 1st ray are two different joints

A

true

1st ray joint: cuneonavicular
1st MTP: metatarsophalangeal

44
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

1st MTP joint normal DF ROM

A

55 -85 deg FF

45
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

which stages of gait will be affected by limitations in 1st MTP ROM?
what is the compensations?

A
  • Terminal Stance and pre-swing (push off)
  • Compensations:
    • Taking a small step
    • ER of the hip (callous in the foot)
    • 1st MTP osteoarthritis
46
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

1st ray DF increases or decreases 1st MTP DF?

47
Q

Foot and Ankle Review

close chain pronation

A
  • Hip: Flex, Add, IR
  • Knee: Flex, Valgus
  • Tibia: IR
  • Talus: PF, Add
  • Calcaneus: Ev
  • MTJ: unlocked and supinates
  • Arch: Lowers
  • lst Ray: DF
  • Hallux: Loss of DF

Specific Systems II (19 decks)

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