Foot and Ankle Review

Question 1

Foot and Ankle Review

_____% of bones in the body are in the feet

Answer 1

25

Question 2

Foot and Ankle Review

150lb person walking 1 mile exerts ____ tons (127,000 lbs) on each foot!

Answer 2

~63-1/2

Question 3

Foot and Ankle Review

The normal foot…

Answer 3

• Functions normally during a reasonable number of activities
• Relatively pain-free
• No structural deformity
• No history of significant trauma or surgery

Question 4

Foot and Ankle Review

rearfoot is made of

Answer 4

talus and calcaneus

Question 5

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the main job of the rearfoot (talus and calcaneus)?

Answer 5

• inversion and eversion.
• IR and ER of the tibia controls where the talus goes
• torque converter: converts IR and ER of tibia to inversion and eversion of the rearfoot

Question 6

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the function of the midfoot

Answer 6

converts the foot into a more rigid or flexible structure

Question 7

Foot and Ankle Review

what are the bones of the midfoot

Answer 7

navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms

Question 8

Foot and Ankle Review

what is the function of the forefoot

Answer 8

adaptability

Question 9

Foot and Ankle Review

bones of the forefoot

Answer 9

metatarsals and phanlanges

Question 10

Foot and Ankle Review

the lateral column of the foot follows

Answer 10

where the cuboid is

calcaneus, cuboid and 4th and 5th metatarsal

Question 11

Foot and Ankle Review

the medial column is made of

Answer 11

talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1-3 metatarsals and 1-3 phalanges

Question 12

Foot and Ankle Review

vestigial cleft

Answer 12

space between the 3rd and 4rd metatarsal that used to be used for grasping

Question 13

Foot and Ankle Review

excess motion between 3rd and 4th metatarsal may create shear forces on the nerve bundle → cause inflammation

Answer 13

Morton’s Neuroma

Question 14

Foot and Ankle Review

function of the arches

Answer 14

absorb shock and support

Question 15

Foot and Ankle Review

arches of the foot

Answer 15

• medial and lateral longitudinal
• transverse

Question 16

Foot and Ankle Review

plantar surface faces TOWARD midline

Answer 16

Inversion or VARUS:

Question 17

Foot and Ankle Review

plantar surface faces AWAY from midline

Answer 17

Eversion or VALGUS:

Question 18

Foot and Ankle Review

articulation between inferior talus with superior calcaneus

Answer 18

subtalar joint

Question 19

Foot and Ankle Review

metatarsalgia

Answer 19

pain in the ball of the foot

Question 20

Foot and Ankle Review

motion of the foot in the frontal plane

Answer 20

• Named by plantar surface:
• Inversion or VARUS: plantar surface faces TOWARD midline
• Eversion or VALGUS: plantar surface faces AWAY from midline

Question 21

Foot and Ankle Review

motion of the foot in the transverse plane plane

Answer 21

abduction and adduction

Question 22

Foot and Ankle Review

motions of the subtalar joint
axis?

Answer 22

• pronation and supination
• 42 degrees from horizontal
• 16 medially
• NOTE: the axis is variable and it moves with pronation/supination

Question 23

Foot and Ankle Review

how many joints, bones, and ligaments in the foot

Answer 23

• 33 joints
• ~100 ligaments
• 26 bones (and 2 sesamoids)

Question 24

Foot and Ankle Review

subtalar joint pronation in OKC

Answer 24

calcaneus abduction, DF, eversion

Question 25

# Foot and Ankle Review subtalar supination in OKC

Answer 25

calcaneus PF, adduction, inversion

Question 26

# Foot and Ankle Review subtalar joint pronation in CKC

Answer 26

* PF and adduction of the talus * Eversion of calcaneus * IR tibia * knee flexion

Question 27

# Foot and Ankle Review subtalar joint supination in CKC

Answer 27

* talus DF, abduction * calcaneus inversion * tibia ER * knee extension

Question 28

# Foot and Ankle Review in CKC, knee extension will occur with

Answer 28

ER of the tibia, inversion of calcaneus, and DF and ABD of talus

Question 29

# Foot and Ankle Review on CKC, knee flexion will occur with

Answer 29

IR of the tibia, eversion of the calcaneus, and PF and ADD of talus

Question 30

# Foot and Ankle Review the midtarsal (Chopart's or transverse) joint is comprised of

Answer 30

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

Question 31

# Foot and Ankle Review motion produced at the midtarsal joint

Answer 31

pronation and supination

Question 32

# Foot and Ankle Review the **Longitudinal** **Midtarasal** **Joint Axis** allow for movement in the

Answer 32

frontal plane

Question 33

# Foot and Ankle Review role of the midtarsal joint in OKC

Answer 33

moves in the same direction as the subtalar joint

Question 34

# Foot and Ankle Review role of MTJ in CKC

Answer 34

attempts to compensate for the rearfoot position (due to STJ motion) in order to keep FF on ground

Question 35

# Foot and Ankle Review with CKC subtalar joint PRONATION, the midtarsal joint...

Answer 35

SUPINATION

Question 36

# Foot and Ankle Review with CKC subtalar joint SUPINATION, the midtarsal joint...

Answer 36

PRONATE

Question 37

# Foot and Ankle Review what is the position of stability of the MTJ

Answer 37

**pronation**: bony lock and PostTib and Peroneus Longus/Brevis

Question 38

# Foot and Ankle Review what is the position of stability of the subtalar joint?

Answer 38

Supination, but the MTJ is pronated

Question 39

# Foot and Ankle Review the forefoot twist during gait to

Answer 39

* maintain plantar surface contact with the ground during gait to compensate for rearfoot motion * motions occurs firts at MTJ

Question 40

# Foot and Ankle Review the first ray is made up of

Answer 40

Med **cuneiform**, 1st met, prox and distal phalanx

Question 41

# Foot and Ankle Review the joint for the 1st ray is the

Answer 41

cuneonavicular joint

Question 42

# Foot and Ankle Review first ray DF _______ the medial arch

Answer 42

**lowers** because the navicular is moving inferiorly relative to 1st cuneiform

Question 43

# Foot and Ankle Review true or false: 1st MTP and 1st ray are two different joints

Answer 43

**true** 1st ray joint: cuneonavicular 1st MTP: metatarsophalangeal

Question 44

# Foot and Ankle Review 1st MTP joint normal DF ROM

Answer 44

55 -85 deg FF

Question 45

# Foot and Ankle Review which stages of gait will be affected by limitations in 1st MTP ROM? what is the **compensations**?

Answer 45

* **Terminal Stance** and **pre-swing** (push off) * **Compensations:** * Taking a small step * ER of the hip (callous in the foot) * 1st MTP osteoarthritis

Question 46

# Foot and Ankle Review 1st ray DF increases or decreases 1st MTP DF?

Answer 46

decreases

Question 47

# Foot and Ankle Review **close chain pronation**

Answer 47

* **Hip:** Flex, Add, IR * **Knee:** Flex, Valgus * **Tibia:** IR * **Talus:** PF, Add * **Calcaneus:** Ev * **MTJ:** unlocked and supinates * **Arch:** Lowers * **lst** **Ray:** DF * **Hallux:** Loss of DF