Dermatology Flashcards
5 layers of the epidermis
Come Let’s Get Sun Burn
- Stratum Corneum (outermost layer)
- Stratum Lucidum (only in palms and soles)
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale (germinativum)
which is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
stratum corneum
Cells of the epidermis
- melanocytes
- keratinocytes
- Langerhans’ (immune functions)
- merkel’s cell
the layer of the skin beneath the epidermis
dermis
the dermis consist of what type of fibers?
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers
the thickness of the epidermis
from 0.5mm on the eyelid to 1.5mm on palms and soles
the thickness of the dermis
from 0.3mm on eyelid to 3.0mm on the back
layers of the dermis
- Papillary layer: upper layer
- Reticular layer: contains hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, vessels and nerves
which layer of the skin contains the hair follicles?
the reticular layer of the dermis
also contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, vessels, and nerves
Functions of the skin
- Protection: an anatomical barrier between the internal and external environment
- Sensation
- Heat regulation
- Evaporation
- Storage and synthesis: acts a storage center for lipids and water as well as a means of syntheses of Vit B and D
- Excretion
- Absorption
A circumscribed, flat discoloration that may be hypopigmented or hyperpigmented (brown, blue, red, black, white).
Macule
An example of a macule is a freckle.
macule
An elevated, solid lesion up to .5cm in diameter, color varies.
Papule
A circumscribed, elevated, superficial solid lesion more than .5cm in diameter, often formed by a confluence of papules
Plaque
A circumscribed, elevated solid lesion more than .5cm in diameter;
Nodule
a large nodule is referred to as a tumor.
A circumscribed collection of leukocytes and free fluid that varies in size.
(yellow or white, infection)
Pustule
A circumscribed collection of free fluid up to .5cm in diameter.
(chickenpox)
Vesicle
A circumscribed collection of free fluid more than .5cm in diameter.
Bulla
A firm edematous plaque resulting from an infiltration of the dermis with fluid; blanches with touch; allergies; mosquito bites
Wheal
wheals are transient and may last only a few hours. (Seen in allergic reaction - Hives)
Excess dead epidermal cells that are produced by an abnormal keratinization and shedding
Scales
A focal loss of epidermis
Erosion
A focal loss of epidermis and dermis. ( heals with scarring)
Ulcer
A linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined vertical walls.
Fissure
Circumscribed lesion with a wall and a lumen, may contain fluid or solid matter
Cyst
Multisystem disease of unknown origin characterized by the production of numerous autoantibodies. More common in women (20-40 y/o). A characteristic malar rash, also known as the butterfly rash, is a hallmark of the disease. The malar rash is fixed erythema, flat or raised, or the malar eminences, tending to spare the nasolabial folds. Lupus attacks the heart, lungs, CNS system, joints, vessels, and skin.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
true or false: viral infections are associated with autoimmune diseases
true
a papulosquamous disease, is genetic in nature, and episodic. Manifests with a rash and ARTHRITIS. Stress may precipitate an episode. The lesions are distinctive. They begin as red, silvery, scaling papules that coalesce to form round to oval plaques. The rash affects mostly extensor surfaces.
PSORIASIS
Psoriasis also has systemic manifestations. Treatment consists generally of
steroids and immunosuppressives.
Plaquerül, oral steroids are used to control _______ as are immunosuppressives. The morbidity and mortality associated with this multisystemic disease is high.
Lupus
is a sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Highly Associated with hyperlipidemia. May be found in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and diabetes type Il (syndrome X) .
Xanthelasma (or xanthelasma palpebrarum)