Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Ankle joint is a?
hinge
Subtalar joint is a
Saddle (sliding) joint
Toe joints are?
Hinge joints
Most often torn ligament with an ankle sprain
Talo-fibular ligament
Main dorsiflexor of ankle
Tibialis anterior
Tendonitis is precursor to rupture
Ingrown nail is a disease of?
Young athletes
Incidence goes down in adults
Nail fungal infxn incidence
Normal pop: 20%
Over 60 years: 75%
Oral agents for fungal nail infxn
Oral or topical lamisil most effective
Hard corn
Callous on the lateral aspect of the 5th toe secondary to shoe wear, painful.
Soft corn
2 kissing lesions btw toes
Seed corn
Hard inclusion of skin on the plantar foot caused by excess pressure
Bunion
Hallux Valgus
Hallux has bend that sticks out
Medial side
Tailor’s Bunion
Bunionette
On 5th toe
Wide shoes, pad
Intractable plantar keratosis (IPK)
Thickened skin that develops on the bottom of the foot, secondary to high contact pressures.
Mortons neuroma
Pressure on nerve btw 3rd and 4th toes.
Wide shoes, orthotics, NSAIDS, steroid injections
Surgery has good results
Plantar fasciitis
1 problem of the foot
Inflammation that develops at the calcaneal origin of the plantar fascia
Chronic overuse, obesity, bad shoes
Plantat fasciitis S/S
Pain in front of heel, esp first thing in the morning.
“start up pain”
Plantal fasciitis tx
NSAIDS
Ice
Stretching, rolling
Surgery, injection, orthotics
Posterior tibial tendon dysfxn
Pain on inside of ankle
Gradual falling arch
Eventually pain on outside of foot
Flat, rotated foot
Posterior tibial tendon dysfxn tx
Orthotics
Cast boot immobilization
Injection
Surgery
Ankle sprains
75% have at least one complete ligament rupture.
2/3 of those ruptured are the ATFL
Grades of sprains
Grade I: partial rupture
Grade II: Incomplete rupture
Grade III: Complete ligament rupture
What must be strengthened in a ankle instability?
Peroneals
Joints affected by degenerative arthritis in ankle and foot
Great toe
Midfoot
Subtalar joint
Ankle joint
Great toe arthritis
Hallux rigidus
Midfoot arthritis is usually caused by?
Midfoot sprain
Subtalar arthritis pain
Pain on outside, front of ankle
Pain in horseshoe pattern around the heel
Better on level ground
Only ankle fx treated by a cast
Non-displaced fibula fx
Most others require surgery
Calcaneous fx associated with?
spine fx
5th metatarsal fx
Jones fx
Often doesn’t heal
Toe fx’s
Rarely need surgery
Buddy tape toes
They hurt for 4-6 wks
Achilles tendon rupture
Middle ages athletes
Audible pop, “someone kicked me”
Thompson test
Surgery is best
Lisfranc sprain
Severe flexion injury to the midfoot
Displaced injuries require surgery
Charcot
Foot deformity common in diabetes from repeated microtrauma
