Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Ankle joint is a?

Answer 1

hinge

Question 2

Subtalar joint is a

Answer 2

Saddle (sliding) joint

Question 3

Toe joints are?

Answer 3

Hinge joints

Question 4

Most often torn ligament with an ankle sprain

Answer 4

Talo-fibular ligament

Question 5

Main dorsiflexor of ankle

Answer 5

Tibialis anterior

Tendonitis is precursor to rupture

Question 6

Ingrown nail is a disease of?

Answer 6

Young athletes

Incidence goes down in adults

Question 7

Nail fungal infxn incidence

Answer 7

Normal pop: 20%

Over 60 years: 75%

Question 8

Oral agents for fungal nail infxn

Answer 8

Oral or topical lamisil most effective

Question 9

Hard corn

Answer 9

Callous on the lateral aspect of the 5th toe secondary to shoe wear, painful.

Question 10

Soft corn

Answer 10

2 kissing lesions btw toes

Question 11

Seed corn

Answer 11

Hard inclusion of skin on the plantar foot caused by excess pressure

Question 12

Bunion

Answer 12

Hallux Valgus
Hallux has bend that sticks out
Medial side

Question 13

Tailor’s Bunion

Answer 13

Bunionette
On 5th toe
Wide shoes, pad

Question 14

Intractable plantar keratosis (IPK)

Answer 14

Thickened skin that develops on the bottom of the foot, secondary to high contact pressures.

Question 15

Mortons neuroma

Answer 15

Pressure on nerve btw 3rd and 4th toes.
Wide shoes, orthotics, NSAIDS, steroid injections
Surgery has good results

Question 16

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 16

1 problem of the foot

Inflammation that develops at the calcaneal origin of the plantar fascia
Chronic overuse, obesity, bad shoes

Question 17

Plantat fasciitis S/S

Answer 17

Pain in front of heel, esp first thing in the morning.

“start up pain”

Question 18

Plantal fasciitis tx

Answer 18

NSAIDS
Ice
Stretching, rolling
Surgery, injection, orthotics

Question 19

Posterior tibial tendon dysfxn

Answer 19

Pain on inside of ankle
Gradual falling arch
Eventually pain on outside of foot
Flat, rotated foot

Question 20

Posterior tibial tendon dysfxn tx

Answer 20

Orthotics
Cast boot immobilization
Injection
Surgery

Question 21

Ankle sprains

Answer 21

75% have at least one complete ligament rupture.

2/3 of those ruptured are the ATFL

Question 22

Grades of sprains

Answer 22

Grade I: partial rupture
Grade II: Incomplete rupture
Grade III: Complete ligament rupture

Question 23

What must be strengthened in a ankle instability?

Answer 23

Peroneals

Question 24

Joints affected by degenerative arthritis in ankle and foot

Answer 24

Great toe
Midfoot
Subtalar joint
Ankle joint

Question 25

Great toe arthritis

Answer 25

Hallux rigidus

Question 26

Midfoot arthritis is usually caused by?

Answer 26

Midfoot sprain

Question 27

Subtalar arthritis pain

Answer 27

Pain on outside, front of ankle
Pain in horseshoe pattern around the heel
Better on level ground

Question 28

Only ankle fx treated by a cast

Answer 28

Non-displaced fibula fx

Most others require surgery

Question 29

Calcaneous fx associated with?

Answer 29

spine fx

Question 30

5th metatarsal fx

Answer 30

Jones fx

Often doesn’t heal

Question 31

Toe fx’s

Answer 31

Rarely need surgery
Buddy tape toes
They hurt for 4-6 wks

Question 32

Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 32

Middle ages athletes
Audible pop, “someone kicked me”
Thompson test
Surgery is best

Question 33

Lisfranc sprain

Answer 33

Severe flexion injury to the midfoot

Displaced injuries require surgery

Question 34

Charcot

Answer 34

Foot deformity common in diabetes from repeated microtrauma