Foot Flashcards
3 regions of the foot
– Rearfoot (hindfoot) – Midfoot – Forefoot covers All the tarsal bones, metatarsals, hallux, phalanges, – Joints distal to the ankle
dorsiflexors of the foot
Tib ant, EDL, EHL, Per ter
plantarflexors of the foot
gastroc, soleus, tib post, plantaris
Inverters of the foot
tib post, tib ant, EHL
Everters of the foot
Per long, per brev, per tert
Toe flexors of the foot
FHL, FHB, FDL< FDB
Toe extensors
EHL, EHB, EDL, EDB
A perspective on learning the muscles
• An awareness of origins and insertions can usefully aid clinical reasoning
• Don’t always consider muscles in isolation – Clinically - need to think ‘function’
– Very important at the foot
• Need to consider groups of muscles as
-Opposing roles allow for correct motion to occur
• E.g.&&TA&(inversion)&+&EDL&&&PT&(eversion)&=&allow&DF&
• Impact&of&dysfunc/on&on&normal&movement&
A perspective on learning the muscles
• An awareness of origins and insertions can usefully aid clinical reasoning
• Don’t always consider muscles in isolation – Clinically - need to think ‘function’
– Very important at the foot
• Need to consider groups of muscles as
-Opposing roles allow for correct motion to occur
• E.g.TA(inversion)+ED P (eversion) allow DF
• Impact of dysfunction on normal movement`
layers of muscles pg
11
Arches of the foot
• Medial longitudinal arch – Mobile AND stable – Keytone = talonavic + CT structures • Lateral longitudinal arch – MORE stable & less mobile • Transverse arch – Transverse stability – Keystone = cuneiform
Plantar fascia
Broad, flat, fibrous structure
Originates medical calcaneal tubercle , inserts heads of the metatarsals
- provides stability to the arch of the foot & aids in re-supination of the foot during propulsion
- plays a major role during stance and push off phase
heel lift causes windlass effect to occur
- DF of 1st MTP raises arch height
- – stretches deep PFascia
- – Heightens arch by shortening distance from heel to toe
Inc arch tension - assists in stabilising longitudinal arch
PE
baseline Fx - walking, running, hopping, standing on toes, DLS vs SLS
AROM - ROM; quantity and quality - what limits - pain, caution?
Passive movement
Resisted tests
- WB vs NWB
Foot posture
forefoot varus or valgus
- midtarsal joint deviation on rearfoot in subtalar neutral
Hind foot varus or valgus
- calcaneal deviation subtalar neutral
Rearfoot pain
common
- plantar fasciitis
- Foot pad contusion
Less common - calcaneal # traumatic or stress Medial calcaneal nerve entrapment Lateral plantar nerve entrapment Tarsal Tunnel syndrome Talar stress # Retrocalcaneal bursitis
DON”T MISS
Spondyloarthropathies
Osteoid osteoma
CRPS type 1 - post knee or ankle injury
