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Anatomy > foot > Flashcards

foot Flashcards

1
Q

name the 7 tarsal bones

A

calcaneus, talus, navicualr, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid

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2
Q

rearfoot

A

talus, calcaneus

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3
Q

midfoot

A

navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

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4
Q

forefoot

A

metatarsals, phalanges

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5
Q

what kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular

A

syndesmosis

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6
Q

what kind of joint is the talocrual (ankle joint)

A

modified hinge
distal tib, fib, and talus
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

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7
Q

what kind of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

synovial plane
talus, calncaneus
inversions and eversion

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8
Q

medial/deltoid ligament

A

tibionavicular
anterior and posterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal

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9
Q

lateral ankle ligaments

A

anterior and posterior talofibular

calcaneofibular

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10
Q

spring ligament

A

plantar calcaneus

important in the transfer of weight from the talus and in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot

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11
Q

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

sustaculum tali to the posterior inferior surface of the navicular

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12
Q

long plantar ligament

A

forms a tunnel for fibularis longus; supports arches of the foot; calcaneus to cuboid, just prximal to PL tunnel then attaches on metatarsals

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13
Q

short plantar ligament

A

maintains longitudinal arch; calcaneus to cuboid

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14
Q

subtalar ligaments

A

medial, lateral, and posteror talocalcaneal ligaments

support the capsule, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament binds bones together

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15
Q

3 contributing factors to support the arches of the foot

A
  1. Bony architecture
  2. Strong plantar ligaments and aponeurosis
  3. Bracing action of the muscles of the foot. foot muscles are not so much for fine movement: as in the hand, but more for the support of the arches
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16
Q

arches of the foot

A

lateral longitudinal arch
medial longitudinal arch
transverse arch

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17
Q

ligament supports of the MLA

A 
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring ligament)
plantar apponeurosis
plantar clcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament)
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18
Q

ligament supports of the LLA

A 
long plantar ligament
plantar apponeurosis
plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament)
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19
Q

muscle supports of the MLA

A

tibialis anterior
peroneus longus
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis

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20
Q

muscle supports of the LLA

A

flexor digitorum brevis

abductor digiti minimi

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21
Q

abductor hallucis innervation

A

medial plantar nerver

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22
Q

abductor hallucis action

A

abducts great toe, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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23
Q

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

medial planter nerve

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24
Q

flexor digitorum brevis action

A

short flexor of toes 2-4, supports medial and longitudinal arches

25
Q

abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

26
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

abducts 5th digit, supports lateral longitudinal arch

27
Q

quadratus plantae innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

28
Q

quadratus plantae origin

A

2 heads from calcaneus

29
Q

quadratus plantae insertion

A

tendon of flexor digitorum longus

30
Q

quatratus plantae action

A

assists by aligning pull of FDL tendon

31
Q

lumbricals innervation

A

1: medial plantar

2,3,4: lateral plantar

32
Q

lumbricals action

A

flex MTPs and extends IPs

33
Q

lumbricals origin

A

FDL tendons

34
Q

lumbricals insertion

A

extensor expansion of extensor digitorum longus

35
Q

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

medial plantar

36
Q

adductor hallucis innervation

A

lateral plantar

37
Q

flexor digiti minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

38
Q

flexor hallucis brevis action

A

flexes 1st MTP joint

2 heads with sesamoid bone in each tendon

39
Q

adductor hallucis action

A

adducts great toe and helps flex 1st MTP joint; supports the transverse arch of foot

40
Q

flexor digiti minimi action

A

flexes 5th MTP joint

41
Q

interossei innervation

A

lateral planter

42
Q

plantar interossei

A

3 insert on base of proximal phalangies 3-5 and extensor expansion
adduct digits 3-5 and flex MTP joints and extend IP

43
Q

dorsal interossei

A

4 insert on base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-4
abduct, flex MTP, extend IP

44
Q

1st layer of foot

A

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

45
Q

2nd layer of foot

A

lumbricals
quadratus plantae
tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

46
Q

3rd layer

A

adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

47
Q

4th later

A

interossei

48
Q

medial plantar never

A

terminal branch of tibial nerve

motor and sensory

49
Q

lateral plantar

A

terminal branch of tibial nerve

motor and sensory

50
Q

sural nerve

A

sensory fibers

51
Q

saphenous nerve

A

cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

52
Q

jones’ fracture

A

avulsion fracture of the styloid of metatarsal 5

inversion ankle; direct blow

53
Q

potts fracuture

A

medial malleolus pulled off by deltoid ligaments; talus shifts laterally shearing off the lateral malleolus
severe eversion injury

54
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

tibial nerve entrapment within the tarsal tunnel (medial malleolus, calcaneus, talus, deltoid ligament)

55
Q

mortons neuroma

A

entrapment neuropathy of interdigital (plantar) nerve, usually between 3rd and 4th metatarsal head

56
Q

turf toe

A

sprain of the 1st MTP joint

due to forced hyperextension or plantarflexion MOI

57
Q

hallux valgus

A

lateral deviation of 1st phalanx

58
Q

windlass mechanism

A

The longitudinal arch support which prevents arch collapse during weight bearing is provided in part by the plantar fascia. During the toe-off phase of gait, the plantar fascia is stretched over the dorsiflexing MTP joints. This stretch tension prevents the calcaneus and metatarsals from spreading away from one another. The result is an increase in arch height and a decrease in arch length as the opposite ends of the arch are pulled closer together. This mechanism not only allows for a supported arch, but it also creates an elastic stretch that aids in forward propulsion during gait.

Anatomy (16 decks)

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