foot

Question 1

name the 7 tarsal bones

Answer 1

calcaneus, talus, navicualr, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid

Question 2

rearfoot

Answer 2

talus, calcaneus

Question 3

midfoot

Answer 3

navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms

Question 4

forefoot

Answer 4

metatarsals, phalanges

Question 5

what kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular

Answer 5

syndesmosis

Question 6

what kind of joint is the talocrual (ankle joint)

Answer 6

modified hinge
distal tib, fib, and talus
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

Question 7

what kind of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 7

synovial plane
talus, calncaneus
inversions and eversion

Question 8

medial/deltoid ligament

Answer 8

tibionavicular
anterior and posterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal

Question 9

lateral ankle ligaments

Answer 9

anterior and posterior talofibular

calcaneofibular

Question 10

spring ligament

Answer 10

plantar calcaneus

important in the transfer of weight from the talus and in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 11

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Answer 11

sustaculum tali to the posterior inferior surface of the navicular

Question 12

long plantar ligament

Answer 12

forms a tunnel for fibularis longus; supports arches of the foot; calcaneus to cuboid, just prximal to PL tunnel then attaches on metatarsals

Question 13

short plantar ligament

Answer 13

maintains longitudinal arch; calcaneus to cuboid

Question 14

subtalar ligaments

Answer 14

medial, lateral, and posteror talocalcaneal ligaments

support the capsule, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament binds bones together

Question 15

3 contributing factors to support the arches of the foot

Answer 15

1. Bony architecture
2. Strong plantar ligaments and aponeurosis
3. Bracing action of the muscles of the foot. foot muscles are not so much for fine movement: as in the hand, but more for the support of the arches

Question 16

arches of the foot

Answer 16

lateral longitudinal arch
medial longitudinal arch
transverse arch

Question 17

ligament supports of the MLA

Answer 17

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring ligament)
plantar apponeurosis
plantar clcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament)

Question 18

ligament supports of the LLA

Answer 18

long plantar ligament
plantar apponeurosis
plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament)

Question 19

muscle supports of the MLA

Answer 19

tibialis anterior
peroneus longus
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis

Question 20

muscle supports of the LLA

Answer 20

flexor digitorum brevis

abductor digiti minimi

Question 21

abductor hallucis innervation

Answer 21

medial plantar nerver

Question 22

abductor hallucis action

Answer 22

abducts great toe, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 23

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

Answer 23

medial planter nerve

Question 24

flexor digitorum brevis action

Answer 24

short flexor of toes 2-4, supports medial and longitudinal arches

Question 25

abductor digiti minimi innervation

Answer 25

lateral plantar nerve

Question 26

abductor digiti minimi action

Answer 26

abducts 5th digit, supports lateral longitudinal arch

Question 27

quadratus plantae innervation

Answer 27

lateral plantar nerve

Question 28

quadratus plantae origin

Answer 28

2 heads from calcaneus

Question 29

quadratus plantae insertion

Answer 29

tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Question 30

quatratus plantae action

Answer 30

assists by aligning pull of FDL tendon

Question 31

lumbricals innervation

Answer 31

1: medial plantar | 2,3,4: lateral plantar

Question 32

lumbricals action

Answer 32

flex MTPs and extends IPs

Question 33

lumbricals origin

Answer 33

FDL tendons

Question 34

lumbricals insertion

Answer 34

extensor expansion of extensor digitorum longus

Question 35

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

Answer 35

medial plantar

Question 36

adductor hallucis innervation

Answer 36

lateral plantar

Question 37

flexor digiti minimi innervation

Answer 37

lateral plantar nerve

Question 38

flexor hallucis brevis action

Answer 38

flexes 1st MTP joint | 2 heads with sesamoid bone in each tendon

Question 39

adductor hallucis action

Answer 39

adducts great toe and helps flex 1st MTP joint; supports the transverse arch of foot

Question 40

flexor digiti minimi action

Answer 40

flexes 5th MTP joint

Question 41

interossei innervation

Answer 41

lateral planter

Question 42

plantar interossei

Answer 42

3 insert on base of proximal phalangies 3-5 and extensor expansion adduct digits 3-5 and flex MTP joints and extend IP

Question 43

dorsal interossei

Answer 43

4 insert on base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-4 abduct, flex MTP, extend IP

Question 44

1st layer of foot

Answer 44

abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi

Question 45

2nd layer of foot

Answer 45

lumbricals quadratus plantae tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

Question 46

3rd layer

Answer 46

adductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 47

4th later

Answer 47

interossei

Question 48

medial plantar never

Answer 48

terminal branch of tibial nerve | motor and sensory

Question 49

lateral plantar

Answer 49

terminal branch of tibial nerve | motor and sensory

Question 50

sural nerve

Answer 50

sensory fibers

Question 51

saphenous nerve

Answer 51

cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

Question 52

jones' fracture

Answer 52

avulsion fracture of the styloid of metatarsal 5 | inversion ankle; direct blow

Question 53

potts fracuture

Answer 53

medial malleolus pulled off by deltoid ligaments; talus shifts laterally shearing off the lateral malleolus severe eversion injury

Question 54

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 54

tibial nerve entrapment within the tarsal tunnel (medial malleolus, calcaneus, talus, deltoid ligament)

Question 55

mortons neuroma

Answer 55

entrapment neuropathy of interdigital (plantar) nerve, usually between 3rd and 4th metatarsal head

Question 56

turf toe

Answer 56

sprain of the 1st MTP joint | due to forced hyperextension or plantarflexion MOI

Question 57

hallux valgus

Answer 57

lateral deviation of 1st phalanx

Question 58

windlass mechanism

Answer 58

The longitudinal arch support which prevents arch collapse during weight bearing is provided in part by the plantar fascia. During the toe-off phase of gait, the plantar fascia is stretched over the dorsiflexing MTP joints. This stretch tension prevents the calcaneus and metatarsals from spreading away from one another. The result is an increase in arch height and a decrease in arch length as the opposite ends of the arch are pulled closer together. This mechanism not only allows for a supported arch, but it also creates an elastic stretch that aids in forward propulsion during gait.