Food Security I Flashcards
What is food security?
When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
How much food does the world produce?
there was enough food in the world to feed everyone (2,870 calories and 80.4 grams of protein per day)
-but not evenly distributed
What are the 4 elements to food security?
- Availability
- Access
- Nutrition
- Stability
What does availability mean in terms of food security?
Producing, storing and trading food to prevent food scarcity.
Researching to improve agricultural productivity and adopting new practices that meet the demands of a growing population.
Implementing sustainable practices to preserve resources protects the future of food availability
What does access mean in terms of food security?
Using a dependable source of income to buy food or having the resources to grow food.
Being near to a healthy food retailer.
Limited by unemployment, debt, environmental degradation, adverse weather and conflict.
What does nutrition mean in terms of food security?
Consuming healthy foods for adequate energy and nutrient intake. Otherwise, people will suffer from nutrient deficiencies and poor health.
Choosing food that is enjoyable and is consistent with religious views and ethical values.
What does stability mean in terms of food security?
Accessing adequate food and nutrition at all times of the year.
How can productivity of production be improved by?
Developing new varieties of crops that grow more food
Preventing food loss to pests like insects and disease
Creating new methods of production that benefit agricultural environments
Can you have grain loss in developed or underdeveloped countries?
Developed yes because 1-2% of all stored grain is lost to deterioration
Developing yes because simple storage techniques and poor management, around 20-50% of food spoils
What are best management practices?
A realistic plan used to grow or process foods in a way that lessens environmental impact.
-Farmers use these best management practices to manage their resources sustainably.
What is sustainable management?
ensures that the resources are not depleted and that they will be productive for future generations, while still being viable for the current generation
What are the 4 things that relate economics and physical access to food?
Employment income
Resources needed to produce food
Education about healthy eating
Proximity to healthy foods
What does finding a reliable income depend on?
job or business opportunities
health status
education level
What factors cause food prices to change?
Extreme changes in weather and climate.
Rising input costs.
Rising energy costs.
Changes in currencies.
The trade environment.
What do we need to produce food?
- natural resources that support food production, such as productive land and clean water
- credit to invest in agricultural tools that are needed for production and storage
- agricultural inputs, like seed and fertilizer, to establish crops
- livestock feed and medical supplies to support livestock
- education and training so they can learn to reach their potential
- good physical health to conduct the work
- social and political peace (no violence and conflict
Where in a city would you find more food places/stores?
Higher income areas have more food places because they have more extra money to spend
-leaving lower income communities with less nutritious options and insufficient access
What is the relationship between convenience stores and lower income household nutrition?
In the lower income area there is less likely to be a grocery store, so convenience stores are a go to, but contain a lot of highly processed foods with high fat and sugar content
-satisfying hunger but not nutrients
What is chronic food security?
Occurs when people cannot meet basic food energy and nutritional requirements long-term
What is seasonal food insecurity?
the loss of food availability and access is predictable and recurring
What causes seasonal food insecurity?
Seasonal changes in precipitation (drought or flood) or temperature (cold or hot) that cause predictable fluctuations in food supply.
Fluctuation in the demand for labour. Agricultural workers who only work during the summer growing season do not always have work opportunities.
What is transitory food insecurity?
occurs when the availability of food or access to food is abruptly reduced
What causes transitory food insecurity?
Extreme weather events or extreme pest and disease outbreaks
Increases in food prices
Fluctuation in domestic food production, food prices, and household income
What can poor health due to food security lead to?
more colds, anemia, earaches can cause diarrhea, which can be considered life-threatening as the body struggles to heal diabetes, heart disease depression
Who is food insecure?
People in developing countries and developed countries
What are 3 reasons why students can be food insecure?
Tuition fees are costly and in Ontario they have increased by 39.9% from 2007 to 2014.18
Fulfilling educational requirements leaves little time for employment.
Difficult to find short-term employment in only the summer that pays well.
What % of Canadian adults and children are food insecure?
8% of adults
5% children
What contributes the most to food insecurity in Canada?
Low income,
hence lack of access
Why do food prices increase?
Largely caused by decreases in the value of the Canadian dollar
What are the 4 categories of solutions to the global food crisis?
Science and tech
Regulations and incentives
Equity and distribution
Local food systems
What are some science and tech solution to the global food crisis?
- Improving productivity there fore efficiency
- Change the way they grow crops or change behaviour of crops
- New farm equipment
What are some Regulations and incentives solution to the global food crisis?
- Better farming practices
- Give incentives
What are some equity and distribution solutions to the global food crisis?
- Eating less meat
- Less food waste
- illegal to dispose of unsold food
What are some local food systems solutions to the global food crisis?
-Have farms around cities incase there is a disruption
What are the points against science and tech solutions?
- Too expensive, can’t afford
- wrong people favoured (big corporations)
What are the points against regulations and incentives solutions?
- Government regulation that is too commanding and restrictive can stifle innovation and efficiency
- policies can add extra complications that cost the producer more money and these costs can be passed onto consumers as higher food prices
- Higher prices increase food insecurity and malnutrition for those people who cannot afford to pay more for food
What are the points against equity and distribution solutions?
-can be difficult and unrealistic to tell people what to eat because consumer habits are hard to change
What are the points against local food systems solutions?
- rely on large-scale farming systems spread across the world to produce enough food to feed a growing world population
- food systems are more resilient when they are supplied by a combination of local and global food production
What are career paths in nutrition in terms of food security?
Nutritionists
What are career paths in Ag production in terms of food security?
Irrigation tech
Pest management
Animal husbandry
Dairy production
What are career paths in supply chain management in terms of food security?
Distribution
Food safety
Storage
Fridge/freezer
What are career paths in climate change in terms of food security?
Researchers
Resource management
