Agriculture in Canada I Flashcards
What determines the kind of agriculture that can occur?
Soil type
Climate
How is soil created?
Forces of:
- Glacial ice
- Melt water
- Glacial lakes
- Wind
due to long and persistent grinding deposited small particles on land
What are the 6 common soil types in Ontario?
- <30cm of soil over rock (shallow)
- Muck/peat (organic matter) inlet and low lying areas
- Gently rolling plains with a mixture of sand, silt and clay
- Hilly and high stone content
- Sand
- Clay
Why is arable land decreasing?
Urban development Roads Sewage Systems Housing
What is the soil, climate and agriculture of northern Canada?
Soil: rock and permafrost
Climate: Extremely cold winters and cool summer
Ag: None
What is the soil, climate and agriculture of the Atlantic provinces?
Soil: Silty and stone free, acidic, low organic matter
Climate: Coastal regions are milk and wet
Ag: Potatoes, grain, dairy, poultry, apples, blueberries
What is the soil, climate and agriculture of Central Canada?
Soil: Texture conducive to growth (south), rocky (north)
Climate: adequate moisture, warm and long growing season
Ag: Corn, soybean, Livestock, fruit, veggies
What is the soil, climate and agriculture of the prairies?
Soil: Texture conducive to growth
Climate: Adequate moisture, warm and long growing season
Ag: Grain, oilseeds, peas, lentils, sunflower, livestock
What is the soil, climate and agriculture of the west coast?
Soil: Fertile
Climate: Coastal regions are mild and wet. Interior-regions are hot and dry
Ag: Dairy, poultry, vegetable, berries, floriculture, tree fruit
Why is canada food at breeding cattle?
Certain breeds are well suited to canada because of the mild climate
What makes certain beef be excluded?
Yellow Fat
Poor muscle texture
Why is the processing system monitored?
To minimize food safety risk so it can be traced back through the food system
What are the top poultry products?
Chicken, Eggs and turkey
-all known for quality and safety
For horticulture what do researchers focus on interns off breeding?
Improved survival during winters
Resistance to disease
Quick growth in short growing season
What is the most valuable fruit grown in canada?
Blueberries then apples
What fruit can canada produce?
Strawberries Blueberries Cranberries Grapes Peaches Pears Plums Apples Cherries Raspberries
What veggies can canada produce?
Potatoes Sweet corn Green peas Broccoli Carrots Sweet peppers Onions New foreign vegetables (pak choi, napa cabbage)
Where are oil seeds grown in canada?
Praries
-cause of the flat land, cool climate and fertile soils
Where are grains grown?
In all provinces
How is canola produced?
Plants produce yellow seeds that are harvested in autumn and are crushed to produce the oil
-byproduct used for livestock feed
What is a pulse?
Edible dry seeds of leguminous plants
Canada is the top producer of which legumes?
Lentils and peas
How long does it take milk to go from farm to table?
2-3 days
Why do we have green houses?
To create a controlled climate when our outside climate won’t allow us to grow anything
What are the factors that can be controlled in a green house?
Temp
Humidity
Supplemental light
Water
What are hydroponics?
technique used to grow plants without the use of soil by supplying essential nutrients and water
-grown on rock wool which reduces transferring of disease and pests
Where are the largest floriculture in canada?
Ontario
Bc
Quebec
What are the most commonly cut flowers?
Tuplis
Gerbera Daisies
Chrysanthemems
Snapdragons
How can floriculture survive through the year?
Some may close in winter months because it is to costly to heat green houses but others can grow seasonal flowers like poinsettias, amaryllis and easter Lillies
What is the difference between outdoor fish farming and indoor?
Outdoor: Occurs in open net pens in salt or freshwater
Indoor: occurs in man made. tanks
Who produces the most aquaculture in canada?
BC: salmon
Ontario: Trout
PEI: Mussels
What is a family farm?
Business that. depends on its household members to help with farm tasks
-typically passed through generation
How many farms in canada were conventional and organic?
Conventional: 98.2%
Organic: 1.8%
What is the Avery age of fame managers?
54
-many are well educated and continuous learning at workshops
What are the main regulations that farmers have to abide too?
Animal Care and welfare
Environmental Stewardship
Food Safety
How many and how big are farms now adays?
Average size is increasing 778 acres but the number of farms is decreasing
Why are farms getting bigger?
Efficiencies
Pay more people
Tech
How many jobs is agrifood responsible for in canada?
1 in 8
What are 4 categories of jobs that agrifood contributes too?
Food and Nutrition Specialists
Scientists
Production managers and operators
Entrepreneurs
how much arable land does canada have?
5%
-good enough for growing things
