Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FN 3355 > Animal Welfare I > Flashcards

Animal Welfare I Flashcards

1
Q

What do people need to now to make an informed decision about meat consumption?

A

Policies and regulations in agriculture

How each type of livestock animal is raised (housing, husbandry and health)

Why farmers may use antibiotics or hormones

Animal welfare practices

Misleading techniques sometimes used in marketing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the code of practice?

A

The codes define the national requirements and recommended practices for raising animals, by the National Farm Animal Care Council
-They are science and consensus-based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How develops the codes of practice?

A 
farmers, 
veterinarians, 
animal scientists, 
animal welfare representatives, 
transporters, 
government,
retail.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What re the 3 focal areas of the code of practice?

A

Housing
Husbandry
Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the codes ensure about housing?

A

housing systems have a comfortable temperature, and adequate space for movement and rest
-Animals are often raised indoors for reasons of animal welfare including health, comfort, and safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the dangers of raising animals outdoors?

A

Dangers of extreme weather

Unreliable food and water availability and quality

Exposure to disease

Vulnerability to predators

Consumption of poisonous plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is husbandry?

A

The practice of breeding and raising livestock animals is known as husbandry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the codes ensure about husbandry?

A

That there is always:

  • Feeding nutritious food
  • Providing safe water
  • Building comfortable accommodation (for example, straw bedding)6
  • Grooming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What helps farmers raise healthy animals?

A

Monitoring animal behaviour and adapting husbandry practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the code ensure about health?

A
  • Cleaning and sanitizing to prevent disease
  • Monitoring and managing nutrition
  • Protecting animals from predators
  • Reducing aggression between animals
  • Implementing safe farm practices
  • Immediately treating animals in distress
  • Transporting animals safely by following federal requirements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the code support interns of health?

A

animal health by requiring regular monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do farmers have to do everyday to keep their animals healthy?

A

A farmer records their daily farm practices, animal symptoms, and corrective medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is it against the la to abuse an animal?

A

Abusive actions and neglect are criminal offences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do beef cows eat?

A

Raised for meat so they eat tough plant foods (grass and hay) that are fibrous and indigestible by hints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is food processed through beef cows?

A

They naturally digest fibres by regurgitating semi-digested food and eating it again.
-They convert the plant fibres into muscle which is a source of protein for people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cattle grazing?

A

Beef cattle graze in grassy fields in all seasons except for winter.
-their food supply in winter is hay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are cattle feedlots?

A

Feedlots are penned yards or barns where cattle have access to healthy foods like grains, corn and hay.
-These high-energy foods quicken their weight gain and improve the flavour and tenderness of the meat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do beef cows go to feedlots?

A

Cattle are raised in feedlots in the last few months before they reach their full size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What breed is specifically for dairy production?

A

Holstein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long are dairy cows milked for after they have a calf?

A

10months

-Milking stops for two months as they rest before the birth of a new calf, when milking resume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 common housing options for dairy cows?

A

Tie stall

Free stall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a tie stall?

A

each cow has a stall.

They stand and lie down on the floor of the stall that is kept clean and bedded to provide a comfortable place to lie down

Each stall has water and feed available at all times.

The farmer can move a milking machine to each stall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of bedding can be used in tie stalls?

A

Plastic mats

Bedding material is straw and wood shavings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a free stall?

A

the cows are free to enter and leave the stall as they please

The cows freely walk to a central milking station or a robotic milker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is veal?

A

Veal calves are the young male offspring of dairy cows

- specialty tender meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do calves grow up?

A

Calves are housed in hutches, stalls or group pens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why are claves housed separately from mom?

A

They are housed to protect their health, so they are sheltered from predators, avoid contact with parasites, and are shielded from the weather

28
Q

Whats the difference of calves that are milk based or grain based?

A

Milk-fed calves eat a nutritious milk formula for several months until they are 500 pounds

Grain-fed calves eat milk for up to eight weeks, and then they eat corn and protein until they are 700 pounds.

29
Q

How many piglets are in a litter?

A

8-12

-2 litters per year

30
Q

How big do pigs get?

A

250pounds

31
Q

Where are pigs raised?

A

Farmers raise pigs in barns that have proper ventilation to control humidity and extreme temperatures.
-follow sanitary practices in the barn to prevent diseases from entering and spreading

32
Q

Why are pigs kept in separate stalls?

A

Many pig farms house adult pigs in individual stalls supplied with food to avoid aggressive behaviours among pigs over competition for food

33
Q

What kind of pens are mom pigs housed in and why?

A

they are kept in pens designed to protect the piglets

Sturdy bars provide support for the 450-pound pig, so she does not accidentally lie down on top of a two-pound piglet.

34
Q

Why are male and female sheep raised?

A

Male and female Sheep also produce a coat of wool that is shorn each year

Female sheep: so they will give birth to lambs and produce milk
-milked everyday

35
Q

Where do sheep live?

A

During summer, flocks of sheep graze on pasture where they eat different kinds of grasses

Indoor housing is common during the winter. Housing protects them from harsh weather, predators and gives them easy access to supplied feed like hay and grain

36
Q

When sheep are outside what are they vulnerable to?

A

attack from predators like coyotes and wolves

-dogs are sometimes used to protect sheep

37
Q

Where do chickens and turkeys live?

A

Turkeys and chickens roam around modern barns that are designed to meet their needs

The environment is controlled at a comfortable temperature, humidity, and lighting

38
Q

How is chicken and turkey flocks kept healthy?

A

barn can be cleaned and disinfected before their arrival

-Cleanliness is vital to keep the flock healthy and prevent disease

39
Q

What is small group housing for laying hens?

A

Modern housing for hens has perches, scratch areas and private nest boxes

The housing is enclosed, so it mimics hiding spaces that make birds feel safe and protected

40
Q

What is large group housing for laying hens?

A

Like free-run and free-range systems

Free run group housing gives hens access to the entire inside floor area in one large group

Free range group housing gives hens access to the floor and an outdoor space

41
Q

Can hens be aggressive?

A

In large groups of birds, the big birds peck the smaller birds into submission to control food and water sources
-smaller housing prevents this

42
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Antibiotics are a group of medications that stop bacteria from thriving and causing disease in animals

43
Q

Why are antibiotics used?

A

Treating an affected animal with the appropriate antibiotic helps control a disease and prevent animals from suffering, while facilitating the production of high-quality food products

44
Q

What are the concerns with the use of antibiotics?

A

The use of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics

When bacteria that cause disease in humans are resistant to antibiotics, this may limit the treatment options available to people, which is a public health concern.

45
Q

When is resistance more liekly?

A

Resistance is more likely when antibiotics are misused in treatment of both humans and livestock.

46
Q

How often are antibiotics used?

A

Antibiotics are expensive for farmers to use, so they only use them as a last option.

47
Q

What method of disease treatment do farmers prefer?

A

Disease prevention:

Adequate housing
Sanitation
Good nutrition
Management practices that prevent the spread (i.e. restricted access)
Use of vaccines
48
Q

Who is allowed to administer antibiotics to livestock?

A

Veterinary oversight is needed to administer most antibiotics given to livestock.

49
Q

What are the 2 situations that call for antibiotics?

A

One situation is to treat a sick animal

to prevent aggressive bacteria from striking when livestock are susceptible, in which case prevention is best for the animal’s health

50
Q

What are hormones?

A

substances that are produced naturally by plants and animals that are necessary to regulate the growth and development of living cells
-For this reason, meat cannot be free of hormones because they are a natural part of animal development

51
Q

What animal is approved in Canada for growth hormones?

A

Beef cattle

52
Q

How do hormones help beef production?

A

Hormones quicken production by efficiently converting the food that cattle eat into muscle rather than fatty meat.

Cattle production with hormone supplements requires less food and water over the lifetime of cattle than production without hormones.

Hormones contribute to more affordable meat and production needs fewer environmental resources.

53
Q

What are the concerns with the use of hormones?

A

Concerns about the use of hormonal supplements relate to fear they could harm human health.
-Research indicates that cattle treated with approved hormones do not risk people’s health

54
Q

What are some farming techniques that are used that may look harmful but are preventing harm later down he road?

A

Cattle Dehorning
Beak trimming
Sheep Tail docking
Pig tail trimming and teeth clipping

55
Q

Why is cattle dethroning practiced?

A

Dehorning cattle reduces the risk of injury, bruising and death to herd mates and farm workers
-pain control methods are used to subdue the pain

56
Q

What is polled?

A

Hornless cattle

-There is a method of raising hornless cattle by selectively breeding them so horns do not develop.

57
Q

Why is beak trimming practiced?

A

These birds have a tendency to peck and cannibalise each other.
-at the sight of an open wound, the desire to cannibalise can spread throughout an entire flock

58
Q

What are the long-term benefits of beak trimming?

A

it prevents injury, infection and bird mortality from pecking

59
Q

Why is sheep tail docking practice?

A

Long, woolly sheep tails harbour manure and are unhygienic. Flies are attracted to these tails, and they can lay eggs under the sheep’s skin that hatch into maggots and eat the sheep’s tissue
-help keep area clean

60
Q

How do they dock sheep tails?

A

Most producers use a rubber ring method. A small band is placed around the tail, which cuts off circulation to the lower part of the tail, causing it to fall off

61
Q

Why are pig teeth clipped and tail trimmed?

A

to prevent the injuries caused by needle teeth to littermates and the breastfeeding mother. -The sharpest part of the tooth is removed by clipping or grinding it down.

to reduce the opportunity for tail biting by shortening the tail.
-An injured tail can bleed or become infected and lead to paralysis

62
Q

How is marketing used in animal welfare?

A

use descriptions or images for marketing purposes that create positive feelings on packages and labels

63
Q

What is product certification?

A

Products that are certified for a claim have shown a third party that the product meets the standards of a certification program

64
Q

How are product certifications useful?

A

These labels are only useful to you if you understand the standards.

They are not an indication that one product is better than another.

65
Q

What is your role as a consumer?

A

Understand the meaning of claims

Know which claims are certified by a third party, and

Decide what we want to support in agricultural systems

66
Q

What are some careers in animal welfare?

A

Feedlot manager
Sales rep (feed and health)
Livestock vet

FN 3355 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions