Food Insecurity in the World Flashcards by Sophie Lamontagne

What was the goal in 1996 at the World Food Summit? What was the target? What was it actually?

Decrease undernourishment by half the NUMBER by 2015
Target: 500 million
Actual Number: 700 million

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Which regions reached their target according to SOFI (2015)? Which didn’t?

Africa: the number of undernourishment increased

- Latin America: target reached and surpassed

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What does a green dot or a red dot mean in SOFI?

Green dot: target achieved

- Red dot: country is far from achieving their goal

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How does Africa compare to the Asian Pacific in terms of undernourishment?

Africa has a lower number of undernourishment

- But, Asia has a lower percentage (larger population size)

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What is the region with the highest number of undernourished people in the world?

Asia

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What is the region with the highest percentage of undernourished people in the world?

Africa

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Give examples of countries with “red dots” in SOFI 2015.

Uganda
Tanzania
Zambia
Middle Africa

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How has China modulated their numbers of undernourishment?

Decreased of over 50% in the prevalence of undernourishment

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How has India modulated their numbers of undernourishment?

Yellow dot
Slight reduction of undernourishment (7%)
Reduced their prevalence of undernourishment

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How has Iraq modulated their numbers of undernourishment?

Increase from 1.4 to 8.1 (almost 500% increase)

- Prevalence moved from 8% to 23%

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What caused the uprise in undernourishment in Iraq?

Political conflicts, affecting their stability

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How has Guatemala modulated their numbers of undernourishment?

Increase in the number of undernourished people
Despite the war ending
Thus, stability is ESSENTIAL
They still live in unstable political conditions (very corrupt)

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Which agencies helped publish the state of food security and nutrition in the world?

FAO
WFP
IFAD
UNICEF
WHO

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How did the state of food insecurity in the world change from 2015 to 2016?

777 million to 815 million

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According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, what factor seemed to play a role in the increase in food insecurity?

The number of conflicts on the rise

- Exacerbated by climate-related shocks

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What is the key driver of situations of severe food crisis?

Conflict

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How do you address food insecurity and malnutrition in conflict-affected situations?

Cannot be business as usual
Requires a conflict-sensitive approach that aligns for immediate humanitarian assistance, long-term development, and sustaining peace

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We produce enough food to feed how many people?

10 billion

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Which countries produce more food than the population requires?

Canada
USA
Uruguay

What is Uruguay’s business?

Exportation

- Produce food to feed 25 million people, while they only have 3.5 million

Which conflicts does the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World focus on?

Yemen
South Sudan
Northern Nigeria

What is conflict exacerbated by?

Climate-related shocks

What is mild food insecurity?

Worrying about the ability to obtain food

What is moderate food insecurity?

Less quality and variety of food
Reduced quantities
Skipping meals

What is severe food insecurity?

Experiencing hunger

What is the primary reason that caused the increase in undernourishment?

Primarily conflict

Give an example of how utilization has improved in terms of food insecurity.

Vietnam has increased their measures of sanitation

In terms of utilization, we have increased our knowledge in which areas?

- Nutrition - Child nutrition - Hygiene - Sanitation

What does the report by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Focus on? What weight do each of these components hold? What is this composition called?

- Undernourishment (1/3) - Child mortality (1/3) - Wasting (1/6) - Stunting (1/6) - GHI Composition

The deaths of children in the developing world are largely due to what?

- Undernutrition (55%) | - Infectious disease, which could be caused by undernutrition

What is the issue with the GHI Composition?

Undernutrition and child mortality weighs the same, but child mortality should definitely weigh more

Which countries does the GHI Index target?

Only developing countries

Why are all the countries decreasing their GHI?

- Undernutrition (increasing) is diluted by child mortality (decreasing) - This is NOT the right message to be sending out to the governing bodies - The index is stating that there is no problem, but there is

What is the most favorable score in the Economist's GFSI? Which country has the highest score?

- 100 | - Ireland (85.6)

What is the issue with the Economist's GFSI?

- It does not state the NUMBER of people affected, but simply reduces it to a score - Also, they present data, but they do not talk about their results - They do not present the disparity between the highest and lowest countries

What are the three factors of the Economist's GFSI?

- Affordability - Availability - Food quality and safety

What does the Economist's GFSI's affordability factor measure?

- Capacity of a country’s people to pay for food | - Or, their ability to cope with food-related price shocks

What does the Economist's GFSI's availability factor measure?

Factors that influence the supply of food and the ease of access to food

What does the Economist's GFSI's food quality and safety factor measure?

Explores the nutritional quality of average diets and the food safety environment in each country

Which method of assessing food insecurity is the most novel?

- The Voices of the Hungry | - 2015 by the United Nations

Which measure has the scientific background to be the MOST direct measure of food insecurity?

The Voices of the Hungry

How is the Voices of the Hungry survey given out?

- Short list of 8 questions is applied every year in 150 countries - Women and men are separated (measures the gap between sexes) - Differences between rural and urban populations are also measured

Is the Voices of the Hungry applied at the individual or household level?

Both, which is what we need

When were the millenium development goals developed? When were they to be achieved?

- 2000 | - 2015

What was millenium goal #1? How was it measured?

- Eradicate poverty and extreme hunger by HALF | - Undernourishment (FAO Food Balance Sheets)

When were the sustainable development goals developed? When are they to be achieved?

- 2015 | - 2030

What are the two sustainable development goals that we covered in class?

- No poverty | - Zero hunger (Voices of the Hungry)