Definitions and Conceptual Framework Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hunger?

A
  • Feeling of discomfort
  • Weakness caused by a lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat
  • Strong desire or craving of food
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2
Q

Differentiate hunger from painful hunger.

A
  • Hunger can be an uncomfortable feeling (e.g. dieting)

- If the lack of food is prolonger, hunger can hurt

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3
Q

Differentiate hunger from gastritis.

A
  • Hunger: can be satiated by food

- Gastritis: inflammation of stomach

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4
Q

Define hidden hunger.

A
  • A situation in which it is difficult to tell if a person is hungry
  • A lack of vitamins and minerals, which do not necessarily show obvious symptoms
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5
Q

Who came up with a consensual definition concerning food security? When?

A
  • Rome Declaration on World Food Security

- 1996

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6
Q

Who does food security affect?

A
  • All people (sexe, ethnicity)
  • All times
  • Human right
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7
Q

Define food security.

A
  • The physical and economic access to food

- The access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets our dietary needs and preferences

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8
Q

What is the end goal of food security?

A

To provide individuals with an active and healthy life

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9
Q

Does food security encompass food safety, or the opposite?

A

Food security encompasses food safety

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10
Q

Define food safety.

A

Food is safe to consume, and is not contaminated, toxic, etc.

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11
Q

Give an example of food insecurity in Central America and Mexico.

A
  • Corn is the most important food
  • In certain areas, there are inadequate storing facilities
  • Corn is subjected to humidity and high temperatures, which causes mold to grow
  • Corn accumulates toxins (Aflatoxins)
  • Extremely poisonous and increases the risk of liver cancer
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12
Q

What are the toxins accumulated on corn called?

A

Aflatoxins

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13
Q

What used to be the core component of food security? What are we moving towards?

A
  • Before: sufficiency

- Now: nutrition

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14
Q

Define food insecurity.

A

Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways

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15
Q

Food insecurity (is/is not) the lack of food security.

A

is not

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16
Q

What are socially unacceptable ways of acquiring foods?

A
  • Stealing
  • Scavenging
  • Food distribution inequality due to social castes or gender discrimination
  • Prostitution
  • Working children in the streets
17
Q

How does food security shift to food insecurity?

A
  • Access to food: food security

- Lack of availability: food insecurity

18
Q

Why is availability not a problem in today’s society? What is?

A
  • We know how to produce staple foods optimally

- Problem: ability of individuals to acquire foods (income, prices, distribution)

19
Q

Describe the physical environment.

A
  • Climate change
  • Soil degradation
  • Water scarcity
20
Q

Describe the social environment.

A
  • Land distribution

- Conflicts

21
Q

Describe the policy environment.

A
  • Budget allocation
  • Food markets
  • Instability
22
Q

What environmental layers contribute to food insecurity?

A

Physical -> Social -> Policy

23
Q

What does insufficient financial capital impact?

A

Agriculture production

24
Q

What does low human capital cause?

A

Illiteracy and taboos

25
Q

What does low social capital cause?

A

Weak social network

26
Q

What does low ecological capital impact?

A

Negatively impacts natural ressources

27
Q

What do low capitals cause?

A
  • Poverty, unemployment, and high food prices

- Lead to food insecurity

28
Q

What does food insecurity lead to?

A
  • Insufficient or low quality diet

- Poor utilization of food ressources

29
Q

What does food insecurity lead to?

A
  • Malnutrition (overweight, underweight)

- Malnutrition leads to illness, depression, and conflicts

30
Q

What is the double-burden of nutrition?

A
  • Overnutrition (rich)

- Undernutrition (poor)

31
Q

What does poverty and food insecurity relate to?

A
  • Undernutrition

- Obesity and chronic diseases

32
Q

_______________ implies personal or household financial means to buy food for an adequate diet. It must be at a level to satisfy the dietary needs of the individual and the household all year round.

A

Economic accessibility

33
Q

_________ implies that food must be accessible to everyone (including vulnerable groups) and everywhere (including remote areas).

A

Physical accessibility

34
Q

___________ means that adequate food must be available and accessible all year-round.

A

Stability of supply

35
Q

________ is a political concept, which focuses on the needs of small food producers, less on urban issues, and introduces new rights not yet approved.

A

Food sovereignty