Food Hygiene

Question 1

When is food its most nutritious?

Answer 1

When it is fresh.

Question 2

Why do we need to preserve foods i.e. make them last longer?

Answer 2

It is not always possible to get fresh food when we need it. Some foods are seasonal, some start going rotten after a short time and other foods can only be found in places that are far away.

Question 3

Name different ways of preserving or processing foods.

Answer 3

drying, smoking, pickling, jamming, refrigeration, freezing, canning, vacuum packing, irradiation
and pasteurisation

Question 4

What do manufacturers have to do with processed foods that are sold in supermarkets and other shops?

Answer 4

They have to put nutritional information on food containers so that people buying the food can decide if the ingredients in the processed food is good for them or bad for them.

Question 5

List some of the ingredients that might be found on a nutritional label, what they do and give an example of a good ingredient

Answer 5

Carbohydrates, give us energy, brown rice
Protein, helps us grow and helps our body heal, fish
Fats, give us energy reserves, avocado oil
Sodium, flavours and preserves our foods - not relevant
Sugar, gives us short term energy and flavours and preserves our food - fruit
Fibre -
Vitamins - helps us grow and keep our bodies healthy - fruit & veg
Minerals - helps us grow and keep our bodies healthy - fruit & veg
Preservatives - preserves our food - generally always bad for us.

Question 6

What is the food pyramid and why is it useful?

Answer 6

The food pyramid shows the different types of foods we eat and how much of each we should eat.

Question 7

Does everyone believe the food pyramid is right?

Answer 7

No Professor Tim Noakes does not believe we should be eating food in those amounts anymore.

Question 8

Which foods, according to the food pyramid, should we eat the least of?

Answer 8

Sugar

Question 9

Which foods, according to the food pyramid, should we eat the most of?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Why should we eat very little sugar?

Answer 10

Too much sugar can lead to diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
Too much sugar will cause you to have a sugar high and then a slump affecting your concentration and energy levels.

Question 11

What is good food?

Answer 11

Good food is fresh, has no added preservatives, has not had antibiotics and hormones added to make it bigger, came from a good farm using organic practises.

Question 12

Our diets should be balanced and full of variety. What does that mean?

Answer 12

We should eat foods from all the food groups and eat lots of different foods from within each food group.

Question 13

What is a food-borne disease?

Answer 13

A food-borne disease is an infection of any part of the digestive tract that is caused by food or drinks that contain harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, or chemicals.
Most food-borne diseases happen suddenly and last a short time. Most people recover from a food borne
disease on their own, with some basic first aid. Sometimes, though, food-borne disease can be serious. and require hospitalisation.

Question 14

Who can get a food-borne disease?

Answer 14

Anyone can get a food-borne disease. However, infants and children, pregnant women and their unborn children, older adults and people with low immune systems2 are at greater risk of developing severe symptoms or complications from food-borne diseases.

Question 15

What are the symptoms of food-borne disease?

Answer 15

Symptoms of food-borne disease depend on the type of germ that has caused the food poisoning. However, many food-borne diseases have common symptoms including: Vomiting, diarrhoea or bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever and chills.

Question 16

How do you prevent food poisoning?

Answer 16

Food-borne diseases can be prevented by properly storing, cooking, cleaning, and handling foods.

Question 17

Give examples of how food poisoning is caused

Answer 17

Not cooking some foods properly
Not storing foods that need to be cold below 5c
Storing and eating foods past their use by dates
Eating food that has been handled by someone who was sick
Preparing food in an unclean kitchen

Question 18

What is the most common bacterial cause of food poisoning?

Answer 18

Campylobacter jejuni usually found in raw meat or poultry that has not been cooked properly. It takes 3- 5 days after eating infected food.

Question 19

E.coli O157:H7 is a very nasty strain of bacteria. How do you get infected by it? What are the symptoms of such an infection?

Answer 19

Drinking infected water or milk, eating meat that has not been cooked properly.
Inflammation, sickness and diarrhoea

Question 20

If you get a headache, fever, septicaemia and meningitis, which bacteria has infected you and how did it infect you?

Answer 20

Listeria monocytogenes.

By eating infected soft cheeses, pate, pre-packed salads.

Question 21

What bacteria can infect you if you eat raw egg products or raw poultry?

Answer 21

Salmonella.

Symptoms: Diarrhoea, sickness and headaches

Question 22

How can you get infected with the staphylococcus aureus bacteria?

Answer 22

Eating cured meats, drinking or eating milk products, or eating unrefrigerated food that should have been refrigerated or food that has been handled by someone infected.

Question 23

What is the name of the organism normally found in human intestines that can cause food poisoning?

Answer 23

E.coli

Question 24

What are 5 common symptoms of food poisoning?

Answer 24

Headaches
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever
Pain
Sickness